在那個 Microsoft 與 Intel 稱霸 PC 世界的年代，蘋果公司陷入危機 ， Steve Jobs 又再次重回年輕時共同創立的公司，企圖起死回生，今日的歷史證明了他的成功。假使當時 Steve Jobs 果然說服了 Linus Torvalds 加入︰

《 Steve Jobs Tried to Hire Linux Creator Linus Torvalds to Work on OS X 》Thursday March 22, 2012 12:09 PM PDT by Arnold Kim

Wired profiles Linus Torvalds the creator of the popular open source operating system Linux. The article reveals that Apple’s Steve Jobs tried to recruit Torvalds to Apple with a job offer.

Torvalds has never met Bill Gates, but around 2000, when he was still working at Transmeta, he met Steve Jobs. Jobs invited him to Apple’s Cupertino campus and tried to hire him. “Unix for the biggest user base: that was the pitch,” says Torvalds. The condition: He’d have to drop Linux development. “He wanted me to work at Apple doing non-Linux things,” he said. That was a non-starter for Torvalds. Besides, he hated Mac OS’s Mach kernel.

In 2000, Apple had had not yet shipped the first version of OS X 10.0 to the public. Apple had adapted the NeXTSTep operating system after acquiring NeXT in 1997. It wasn’t until March, 2001 that the first version of OS X was launched.

Steve Jobs’ job offer was at a time when Apple was heavily investing in Mac OS X which would later serve as the foundation for their iPhones and iPads.

 

那麼蘋果的 OSX 或 iOS 會和現在不同嗎？

Scali’s OpenBlog™

《 Apple’s OS X is NOT linux! 》
Posted on August 2, 2012

 

當下的世界會出現 Google 之 Android 的耶？？

Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear). The OS uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual keyboard. Despite being primarily designed for touchscreen input, it has also been used in game consoles, digital cameras, regular PCs, and other electronics. As of 2015, Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems^[11] as it is the most popular mobile operating system in the vast majority of countries.^[12] In many countries, all over the world, Android is the most popular tablet platform.

As of July 2013, the Google Play store has had over one million Android applications (“apps”) published, and over 50 billion applications downloaded.^[13] An April–May 2013 survey of mobile application developers found that 71% of them create applications for Android;^[14] another 2015 survey found that 40% of full-time professional developers see Android as the “priority” target platform, which is more than iOS (37%) or other platforms.^[15] At Google I/O 2014, the company revealed that there were over one billion active monthly Android users, up from 538 million in June 2013.^[16]

Android’s source code is released by Google under open source licenses, although most Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of open source and proprietary software, including proprietary software developed and licensed by Google.^[3] Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google bought in 2005,^[17] Android was unveiled in 2007, along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance – a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.^[18]

Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made, low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices.^[19] Android’s open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users^[20] or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems. The operating system’s success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called “smartphone wars” between technology companies.^[21][22]

 

『鑑往』是否可以『知來』？當代重大歷史事件背後的故事，往往令人著迷，似乎總帶著點神秘色彩。如果想一想曾經微軟佔有世界絕大部分的市場，英特爾擁有過 ARM ，難道說︰成功導致了失敗。或該講︰忽視大眾利益，引起了對抗和不滿。綜觀歷史上改朝換代之事，從來沒有那『大到不能倒』的事物存在的吧！也許人類社會的原動力來自『良好理念』的不斷追尋，就如︰

《 Physical computing ︰ python 《補充》︰ IDE 用法…… 》文章中談到的那第一位 BDFL 『吉多』先生一樣。

1990s-2005

Python 語言的創造者吉多‧范羅蘇姆 Guido van Rossum 先生非常注重『程式風格』！主導著整體 Python 語言之內蘊。一九九四年元月，那時網際網路還盛行用『地鼠』 Gopher 挖掘資訊的時代， Python 1.0 發布。同年七月 Michael McLay (mclay@eeel.nist.gov)
Wed, 29 Jun 94 10:07:42 EDT 寫了一篇

《 If Guido was hit by a bus? 》 ── 萬一吉多被巴士撞了？ ──

的文章，或許促進了 Python 語言的開始標準化。之後 Python 社群開始稱呼 Guido 『生殺決策之慈悲獨裁者』 BDFL Benevolent dictator for life︰

BDFL is a title given to a small number of open-source software development leaders, typically project founders who retain the final say in disputes or arguments within the community.

無疑的吉多是第一位擁有這個殊榮稱號的第一人。二零零一年三月六日『 Python軟體基金會』 PSF Python Software Foundation 成立，一個月後 Python 2.1 發行，所有的發行版開始使用 PSF 授權。事實上吉多的熱情與睿智，更多的展現在『 Python 改進提案』 PEPs Python Enhancement Proposals 的發文裡。有關『可讀性』之『程式風格』的論述主要集中在︰

『 PEP 7 – Style Guide for C Code 』

『 PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code 』

也許吉多的理念是︰

程式雖是一時一人之寫作，確有多時多人的閱讀，因此『可讀性』是十分重要的事情。

 

『理念』之光，『熱情』的手，才引領人們走向『更好未來』！！若說『眾志成城』，欲知『未來事』，多曉這些 BDFL 大教主當下『所作事』，或可見一斑乎？？

Persons sometimes referred to as “benevolent dictators for life”

Name	Project	Type	Ref
Dries Buytaert	Drupal	content management framework	[4]
David Heinemeier Hansson	Ruby on Rails	web framework	[5]
Adrian Holovaty and Jacob Kaplan-Moss	Django	web framework	[6]
Theo de Raadt	OpenBSD	Unix-like operating system	[7]
Daniel Robbins	Funtoo Linux	Linux distribution	[8]
Guido van Rossum	Python	programming language	[9][5]
Linus Torvalds	Linux	operating system kernel	[10][verification needed][5]
Patrick Volkerding	Slackware	Linux distribution	[11]
Larry Wall	Perl	programming language	[12]
Matt Mullenweg	WordPress	content management framework	[13]