假使將問題輕輕放過，久而久之必模模糊糊，不知來去矣！！於是乎考之以樹莓派論壇，聽聽人們的經驗談，看看解決嘗試的方向︰
Configuring Network using dhcpcd
I have read the `dhcpcd` and `interfaces` `man` pages but these do not seem to apply to the actual interface.The `/etc/network/interfaces` used to contain `iface eth0 inet dhcp` which has been replaced by `iface eth0 inet manual`Where does the IP address come from? This seems to allocate the same IP reservation from my router.(I am trying to work out a configuration which will let my Pi work normally with dhcp on my home network, but allocate a `static` address so I can connect to the Pi over Ethernet (or ad-hoc WiFi) to my Mac in a remote environment with no router or internet access.)
……
morgon wrote:Maybe I don’t understand your posting (and I may have one beer too many)
How many is too many? 
The new dhcpd seems to ignore the normal /etc/network/interfaces settings and just do its own thing. I might have a look at the reasoning for this and how to configure it one day, but for now I’m sticking with the old one that has worked since forever.
(I think the new one may need some GUI stuff to configure it? I run headless, so no idea)
───
Set Static IP address but also getting Dynamic
This problem was plaguing me for ages. dhcpcd5 simply seems to ignore the interfaces file so you have to set exclusions in the dhcpcd.conf file. Really quick and easy to do.
Try adding the line:
denyinterfaces eth0
to /etc/dhcpcd.conf (change eth0 as required).
No need to make any extra changes in /etc/network/interfaces or uninstall anything.
man dhcpcd.conf for more info.
Sorry if I missed someone else posting this already or within a link to another post.
Kez
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縱使有時某甲有用之法，某乙用之無效？？至少可觀錯綜複雜脈絡也。因此在仔細閱讀 dhcpcd5 文件後︰
DHCPCD.CONF(5) BSD File Formats Manual DHCPCD.CONF(5)
NAME
dhcpcd.conf — dhcpcd configuration file
DESCRIPTION
Although dhcpcd can do everything from the command line, there are cases
where it's just easier to do it once in a configuration file. Most of
the options found in dhcpcd(8) can be used here. The first word on the
line is the option and the rest of the line is the value. Leading and
trailing whitespace for the option and value are trimmed. You can escape
characters in the value using the \ character.
Blank lines and lines starting with # are ignored.
Here's a list of available options:
allowinterfaces pattern
When discovering interfaces, the interface name must match
pattern which is a space or comma separated list of patterns
passed to fnmatch(3). If the same interface is matched in
denyinterfaces then it is still denied.
Manual page dhcpcd.conf(5) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
決定只用 dhcpcd5 程式來管理網路裝置︰
cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and ‘man dhcpcd.conf’
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet manual
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
# allow-hotplug wlan1
# iface wlan1 inet manual
# wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf
# A sample configuration for dhcpcd.
# See dhcpcd.conf(5) for details.
# Allow users of this group to interact with dhcpcd via the control socket.
#controlgroup wheel
# Inform the DHCP server of our hostname for DDNS.
hostname
# Use the hardware address of the interface for the Client ID.
clientid
# or
# Use the same DUID + IAID as set in DHCPv6 for DHCPv4 ClientID as per RFC4361.
#duid
# Persist interface configuration when dhcpcd exits.
persistent
# Rapid commit support.
# Safe to enable by default because it requires the equivalent option set
# on the server to actually work.
option rapid_commit
# A list of options to request from the DHCP server.
option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
option classless_static_routes
# Most distributions have NTP support.
option ntp_servers
# Respect the network MTU.
# Some interface drivers reset when changing the MTU so disabled by default.
#option interface_mtu
# A ServerID is required by RFC2131.
require dhcp_server_identifier
# Generate Stable Private IPv6 Addresses instead of hardware based ones
slaac private
# A hook script is provided to lookup the hostname if not set by the DHCP
# server, but it should not be run by default.
nohook lookup-hostname
interface wlan1
static ip_address=192.168.8.1/24
static routers=192.168.8.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.8.1
似乎一切正常哩！！
pi@raspberrypi:~
誰知其他電腦卻連不上耶？？
cat /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
interface=wlan1
driver=nl80211
ssid=freesandal
hw_mode=g
channel=10
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=freesandal
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet manual
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
# allow-hotplug wlan1
# iface wlan1 inet manual
# wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface wlan1 inet static
address 192.168.8.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
pi@raspberrypi:~ 
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
pi@raspberrypi:~ 
cat /etc/init.d/pipoint
#!/bin/sh
# Configure Wifi Access Point.
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: WifiAP
# Required-Start: 
syslog 
remote_fs 
time
# Should-Start: 
named slapd autofs ypbind nscd nslcd
# Should-Stop: 
sudo update-rc.d pipoint start 99 2
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
pi@raspberrypi:~ 
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:8a:12:64
inet addr:5.168.168.19 Bcast:5.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::629a:af0a:4cf8:32ee/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:113 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:134 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:17998 (17.5 KiB) TX bytes:26380 (25.7 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:23001 (22.4 KiB) TX bytes:23001 (22.4 KiB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:df:47:31
inet6 addr: fe80::593e:a20:e109:ff10/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:195 errors:0 dropped:194 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:65281 (63.7 KiB) TX bytes:261 (261.0 B)
# 那ㄟ啊ㄋㄟ？？
wlan1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 7c:dd:90:7a:62:5a
inet addr:169.254.157.11 Bcast:169.254.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::9622:163b:b34c:5446/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135 (135.0 B) TX bytes:12186 (11.9 KiB)
pi@raspberrypi:~ 
cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
# Print the IP address
_IP=
_IP" ]; then
printf "My IP address is %s\n" "
![lldpcli [lldpcli]](http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f1b4d2f1a3598dbfaca2ac1078a93494_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
show neighbors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LLDP neighbors:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[lldpcli] ![show configuration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Global configuration: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Configuration: Transmit delay: 30 Transmit hold: 4 Receive mode: no Pattern for management addresses: (none) Interface pattern: (none) Interface pattern for chassis ID: (none) Override description with: (none) Override platform with: (none) Override system name with: (none) Advertise version: yes Update interface descriptions: no Promiscuous mode on managed interfaces: no Disable LLDP-MED inventory: yes LLDP-MED fast start mechanism: yes LLDP-MED fast start interval: 1 Source MAC for LLDP frames on bond slaves: local Portid TLV Subtype for lldp frames: unknown ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [lldpcli]](http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d34bc966c095c51917ed5b10cd9d8d1b_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
show statistics
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LLDP statistics:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interface: eth0
Transmitted: 149
Received: 0
Discarded: 0
Unrecognized: 0
Ageout: 0
Inserted: 0
Deleted: 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[lldpcli] 
sudo tcpdump -s0 -vv -pni eth0 ether dst 01:80:c2:00:00:0e
tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
16:18:39.814059 LLDP, length 178
Chassis ID TLV (1), length 7
Subtype MAC address (4): b8:27:eb:8a:12:64
0x0000: 04b8 27eb 8a12 64
Port ID TLV (2), length 7
Subtype MAC address (3): b8:27:eb:8a:12:64
0x0000: 03b8 27eb 8a12 64
Time to Live TLV (3), length 2: TTL 120s
0x0000: 0078
System Name TLV (5), length 11: raspberrypi
0x0000: 7261 7370 6265 7272 7970 69
System Description TLV (6), length 91
Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie) Linux 4.4.32-v7+ #926 SMP Fri Nov 18 13:40:49 GMT 2016 armv7l
0x0000: 5261 7370 6269 616e 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e
0x0010: 7578 2038 2028 6a65 7373 6965 2920 4c69
0x0020: 6e75 7820 342e 342e 3332 2d76 372b 2023
0x0030: 3932 3620 534d 5020 4672 6920 4e6f 7620
0x0040: 3138 2031 333a 3430 3a34 3920 474d 5420
0x0050: 3230 3136 2061 726d 7637 6c
System Capabilities TLV (7), length 4
System Capabilities [Bridge, WLAN AP, Router, Station Only] (0x009c)
Enabled Capabilities [Station Only] (0x0080)
0x0000: 009c 0080
Management Address TLV (8), length 12
Management Address length 5, AFI IPv4 (1): 5.168.168.19
Interface Index Interface Numbering (2): 2
0x0000: 0501 05a8 a813 0200 0000 0200
Port Description TLV (4), length 4: eth0
0x0000: 6574 6830
Organization specific TLV (127), length 9: OUI IEEE 802.3 Private (0x00120f)
Link aggregation Subtype (3)
aggregation status [supported], aggregation port ID 0
0x0000: 0012 0f03 0100 0000 00
Organization specific TLV (127), length 9: OUI IEEE 802.3 Private (0x00120f)
MAC/PHY configuration/status Subtype (1)
autonegotiation [supported, enabled] (0x03)
PMD autoneg capability [10BASE-T hdx, 10BASE-T fdx, 100BASE-TX hdx, 100BASE-TX fdx, Pause for fdx links, Asym PAUSE for fdx] (0x6cc0)
MAU type 100BASETX fdx (0x0010)
0x0000: 0012 0f01 036c c000 10
End TLV (0), length 0
16:19:09.814842 LLDP, length 178
Chassis ID TLV (1), length 7
Subtype MAC address (4): b8:27:eb:8a:12:64
0x0000: 04b8 27eb 8a12 64
Port ID TLV (2), length 7
Subtype MAC address (3): b8:27:eb:8a:12:64
0x0000: 03b8 27eb 8a12 64
Time to Live TLV (3), length 2: TTL 120s
0x0000: 0078
System Name TLV (5), length 11: raspberrypi
0x0000: 7261 7370 6265 7272 7970 69
