當學習者開始『反思學習』時，或明白大樹之所以『盤根錯節』，是適應『時空變化』的結果。這對『知識』與『經驗』來說，也是一樣的 ──『新事實』之發現、『老辦法』的褪色︰
要是我們對『declarative 』的了解僅止於『陳述的』、『說明的』或『宣告的』，一般來說並無助於理解
Thus, executing a program means searching for a proof. In traditional (imperative) programming languages, the program is a procedural specification of how a problem needs to be solved. In contrast, a logic program concentrates on a declarative specification of what the problem is.
這一段話的內容。這是因為我們還不知道『declarative 』語詞在『邏輯編程』語境中的『意指』，將之對比於『procedural』程序的，也只能帶來模糊的印象而已。如果用昨兒的互動程式為例，
pi@raspberrypi ~*** QuickLaTeX cannot compile formula: python3 Python 3.2.3 (default, Mar 1 2013, 11:53:50) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from pyDatalog import pyDatalog >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('X單位, Y單位, Z單位, V數值, 單位轉換, 重量轉換') >>> 單位轉換['公斤', '公克'] = 1000 >>> 單位轉換['台斤', '公克'] = 600 >>> 單位轉換['市斤', '公克'] = 500 >>> 單位轉換['英磅', '公克'] = 453.59237 >>> 單位轉換[X單位, Y單位] = 單位轉換[X單位, Z單位] * 單位轉換[Z單位, Y單位] >>> 單位轉換[X單位, Y單位] = 1 / 單位轉換[Y單位, X單位] >>> print(單位轉換['公斤', '台斤'] == V數值) V數值 ------------------ 1.6666666666666667 >>> print(單位轉換['英磅', '台斤'] == V數值) V數值 ------------------ 0.7559872833333334 >>> 單位轉換['台斤', '台兩'] = 16 >>> 重量轉換[V數值, X單位, Y單位] = V數值 * 單位轉換[X單位, Y單位] >>> print(重量轉換[1, '公斤', '台兩'] == V數值) V數值 ------------------ 26.666666666666668 >>> </pre> ，是否會令人懷疑，讀了那篇文章所說的種種，真的足以『寫作』且『詮釋』那個『程式』的嗎？假使有一人宣稱他已 經仔細閱讀過那些種種，他將發現自己處於『術語叢林』，面對『理解 A 』得先『理解 B 』…… ，需要『理解 X 』，它卻又依賴於『理解 A 』。舉例講嬰兒學會母語，是那麼的天經地義，然而這個『能力』是因為『天生的』── 本能 ──？『環境的』── 學習 ── ？總在爭論中！彼此誰也不能完全說服了誰！！ 雖話說如此，那些『術語』還是有『親疏遠近』，或許不該一開始就『捨近求遠』，如是我們會認為『知識表示』與『推理』 <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning">Knowledge representation and reasoning</a></h1> The starting point for knowledge representation is the <i>knowledge representation hypothesis</i> first formalized by <a title="Brian Cantwell Smith" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Cantwell_Smith">Brian C. Smith</a> in 1985:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> <blockquote><i>Any mechanically embodied intelligent process will be comprised of structural ingredients that a) we as external observers naturally take to represent a propositional account of the knowledge that the overall process exhibits, and b) independent of such external semantic attribution, play a formal but causal and essential role in engendering the behavior that manifests that knowledge.</i></blockquote> 和『邏輯編程』的關係較為緊密。而且能夠設想『 □□ 知識』就是『 ○○ 理論』裡，關於『 ☆☆ 世界』中的『事實』或是『定律』 。這樣我們可以揣測 <span style="color: #808080;">單位轉換[□, ○]= ?? </span> 說的就是某個世界中的約定『事實』。更由 <span style="color: #808080;">單位轉換<span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-i">□</span><span class="crayon-sy">, ○</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-o">=</span>單位轉換<span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-i">□</span><span class="crayon-sy">,☆</span><span class="crayon-sy">] 乘</span><span class="crayon-o"> </span>單位轉換<span class="crayon-sy">[☆</span><span class="crayon-sy">,○</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span> <span style="color: #808080;">單位轉換<span class="crayon-sy">[□</span><span class="crayon-sy">,○</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-cn">1 除以 </span>單位轉換<span class="crayon-sy">[○</span><span class="crayon-sy">,□</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span> 知道符合一般單位轉換運算『性質』。 當 這些『具足』時，『pyDatalog』就能『自動推導』作單位轉換，而且可以『添加』新事實以及新規則。於是從『作中學』Learning by doing ，我們可以了解，這跟用一般的程式語言寫作方式不同，這時『宣告的』一詞或許就有了『操作』 Operational 上的『意義』 ，它與『程序的』一詞的『對比』，也將更為『鮮明』。至於那個程式『中文化』的目的，大概只能始於『臆想』？用著『試誤法』作初步『嘗試』，閱讀 『pyDatalog』原始碼意圖『確認』。藉著對『派生三』 Python3 萬國碼的了解，做出的『待證明』假設吧！？看過《<a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?m=20150517">M♪o 之學習筆記本</a>》系列文本 TPG <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?m=20150616">Toy Parser Generator</a> 的讀者，大概對此『中文表現』並不陌生，主要不過是希望程式能夠『易讀』，寫來比較精簡清楚罷了。 所以學會 《<a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?p=15025">如何閱讀□○？？</a>》 <div class="wc-shortcodes-row wc-shortcodes-item wc-shortcodes-clearfix"><div class="wc-shortcodes-column wc-shortcodes-content wc-shortcodes-one-half wc-shortcodes-column-first "> <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/金文大篆智.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-15941" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/金文大篆智.png" alt="金文大篆智" width="62" height="72" /></a> <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/蛛網.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-15933" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/蛛網.jpg" alt="蛛網" width="2048" height="1267" /></a> </div><div class="wc-shortcodes-column wc-shortcodes-content wc-shortcodes-one-half wc-shortcodes-column-last "> <span style="color: #ff99cc;">其實『<strong>知識</strong>』如同『<strong>蛛網</strong>』，經由各種『<strong>學習渠道</strong>』與『<strong>自身經驗</strong>』，逐步建立起來。果真能像『<strong>蜘蛛</strong>』一樣，牽一髮而動全身的去『<strong>捕捉</strong>』，又何止是談『<strong>閱讀</strong>』一本書？智慧不只可以『<strong>閱讀</strong>』一個『<strong>時代</strong>』！ 更能夠『<strong>閱讀</strong>』整個『<strong>自然</strong>』與『<strong>社會</strong>』的啊！！</span> </div></div> ，往往是學習者在『反思學習』時，所應作的第一件事。 ─── 摘自《<a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?p=36922">勇闖新世界︰ 《 pyDatalog 》 導引《二》</a>》 <span style="color: #666699;">因此『縱貫橫通』者之『閱讀』是『主動』的，也是『思辨』的，於是能夠將『舊工具』</span> <h1 class="gh-header-title instapaper_title"><span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://github.com/notro/fbtft/wiki/Framebuffer-use">Framebuffer use</a></span></h1> <h1><span style="color: #ff9900;">Framebuffer mirroring</span></h1> <span style="color: #ff9900;">By mirroring <code>/dev/fb0</code> onto <code>/dev/fb1</code>, we can take advantage of the GPU for hardware accelrated video playback.</span> <span style="color: #808080;">fbcp takes a snapshot of /dev/fb0, copies it to /dev/fb1 and waits 25ms before repeating.</span> <span style="color: #808080;"> Snapshotting takes ~10ms and with a 25ms delay it gives roughly 1000/(10+25) = 28fps</span> <span style="color: #808080;"> CPU usage: ~2%</span> <span style="color: #808080;"> Note: Snapshot and /dev/fb1 driver refresh is not syncronized.</span> <span style="color: #808080;">Install fbcp</span> <pre lang="text"><code>sudo apt-get install cmake git clone https://github.com/tasanakorn/rpi-fbcp cd rpi-fbcp/ mkdir build cd build/ cmake .. make sudo install fbcp /usr/local/bin/fbcp </code></pre> <span style="color: #808080;">Load drivers and fbcp</span> <pre lang="text"><code>sudo modprobe fbtft dma sudo modprobe fbtft_device name=tinylcd35 rotate=90 speed=48000000 fps=50 # Start fb copying process in the background fbcp & </code></pre> <span style="color: #808080;">Play video on /dev/fb0, which will also show up on /dev/fb1</span> <pre lang="text"><code>omxplayer test_480_320.mpg </code></pre> <span style="color: #808080;">Stop framebuffer copy</span> <pre lang="text"><code>killall fbcp </code></pre> <span style="color: #808080;">syslog output</span> <pre lang="text"><code> *** Error message: Unicode character 單 (U+55AE) leading text: >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('X單 Unicode character 位 (U+4F4D) leading text: >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('X單位 Unicode character 單 (U+55AE) leading text: >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('X單位, Y單 Unicode character 位 (U+4F4D) leading text: >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('X單位, Y單位 Unicode character 單 (U+55AE) leading text: ...talog.create_terms('X單位, Y單位, Z單 Unicode character 位 (U+4F4D) leading text: ...og.create_terms('X單位, Y單位, Z單位 Unicode character 數 (U+6578) leading text: ...ate_terms('X單位, Y單位, Z單位, V數 Unicode character 值 (U+503C) leading text: ..._terms('X單位, Y單位, Z單位, V數值 Unicode character 單 (U+55AE) leading text: ...s('X單位, Y單位, Z單位, V數值, 單tail /var/log/messages
Dec 15 17:38:07 raspberrypi fbcp[4836]: Primary display is 720 x 480
Dec 15 17:38:07 raspberrypi fbcp[4836]: Second display is 480 x 320 16bps
Links:
http://www.stuffaboutcode.com/2012/06/raspberry-pi-run-program-at-start-up.html
，轉化到『新系統』。不但知道『kodi』可以依樣畫葫蘆，想知道如何『自動化』哩︰
Add-on:Kodi Callbacks
Provides user definable actions for specific events within Kodi. Credit to Yesudeep Mangalapilly (gorakhargosh on github) and contributors for watchdog and pathtools modules.
如斯者，聽到有人說︰用 Python 寫個小程式，將觸控螢幕手勢事件模擬成鍵盤符碼
‧ 勇闖新世界︰ 《 Kernel 4.X 》之整裝蓄勢‧事件驅動‧一
‧ 勇闖新世界︰ 《 Kernel 4.X 》之整裝蓄勢‧設備管理及應用‧一
‧ 勇闖新世界︰ 《 Kernel 4.X 》之整裝蓄勢‧開場白
，不知是否會『即知即行』乎☆