想那『 GoPiGo 』之軟硬體設計一如『 GrovePi 』一般，如果類似的事說兩遍總覺無趣，何妨以《井通》之法為之，非但可減省文字，或許可得『互見』之好處耶？？

如是祇給出圖文︰

Technical Specifications of the GoPiGo:

Operating Voltage: 7-12V
Current usage:
- -> 300-500 mA (Idle with the Raspberry Pi Model B+)
- -> 800 mA-2A (Motors, camera and servo running with the Raspberry Pi Model B+)
External Interfaces:
- -> I2C– 1Port
- -> Serial– 1 Port
- -> Analog– 1 Port
- -> Digital/PWM- 1Port
Motor controller:
- -> GoPiGo1: SN7544
- -> GoPiGo2: TB6612FNG
Encoders
- -> 2 Optical encoders with 18 pulse counts per rotation
Wheel Diameter: 65mm
MCU: Atmega 328

予以『線索』︰

#《W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰一窺全豹之系統設計《硬體》》

劉勰《文心雕龍‧事類》

讚曰︰

經籍深富，辭理遐亙。皓如江海，鬱若昆鄧。

文梓共采，瓊珠交贈。用人若己，古來無懵。

基本上『 GrovePi 』的硬體設計只有一顆『 ATmegs 328p 』單晶片處理器，此事可見之於《 GrovePi-1.5_schem.pdf 》電路圖上。

據知該舊文件現今或已不存，

，讀者可考其《新文件》，實則相類也。這事能有什麼重要的嗎？若思『防呆』的四針『連接器』設計，在其針腳定義上，統合『 I2C 』、『 UART serial 』、『 Digital 』與『 Analog 』接法，固然是方便簡易。

假使再思『 ATmegs328p 』之『 ISP 』

In-system programming

In-system programming (ISP), also called In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into the system.

There are several incompatible in-system programming protocols for programming microcontroller devices such as PIC microcontrollers, AVRs, and the Parallax Propeller. ICSP has been primarily implemented by Microchip Technology for programming PIC and dsPIC devices.

The primary advantage of this feature is that it allows manufacturers of electronic devices to integrate programming and testing into a single production phase, and save money, rather than requiring a separate programming stage prior to assembling the system. This may allow manufacturers to program the chips in their own system’s production line instead of buying preprogrammed chips from a manufacturer or distributor, making it feasible to apply code or design changes in the middle of a production run.

Microcontrollers are typically soldered directly to a printed circuit board and usually do not have the circuitry or space for a large external programming cable to another computer.

Typically, chips supporting ISP have internal circuitry to generate any necessary programming voltage from the system’s normal supply voltage, and communicate with the programmer via a serial protocol. Most programmable logic devices use a variant of the JTAG protocol for ISP, in order to facilitate easier integration with automated testing procedures. Other devices usually use proprietary protocols or protocols defined by older standards. In systems complex enough to require moderately large glue logic, designers may implement a JTAG-controlled programming subsystem for non-JTAG devices such as flash memory and microcontrollers, allowing the entire programming and test procedure to be accomplished under the control of a single protocol.

An example of devices using ISP is the AVR line of micro-controllers by Atmel such as the ATmega series.