物理哲學之重要性
時間意指改變
卡拉比－丘流形
質量的面貌
Einstein’s work on the importance of the philosophy of physics
“I fully agree with you about the significance and educational value of methodology as well as history and philosophy of science. So many people today—and even professional scientists—seem to me like somebody who has seen thousands of trees but has never seen a forest. A knowledge of the historic and philosophical background gives that kind of independence from prejudices of his generation from which most scientists are suffering. This independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan or specialist and a real seeker after truth.”Einstein. letter to Robert A. Thornton, 7 December 1944. EA 61-574.
“How does it happen that a properly endowed natural scientist comes to concern himself with epistemology? Is there no more valuable work in his specialty? I hear many of my colleagues saying, and I sense it from many more, that they feel this way. I cannot share this sentiment. … Concepts that have proven useful in ordering things easily achieve such an authority over us that we forget their earthly origins and accept them as unalterable givens. Thus they come to be stamped as ‘necessities of thought,’ ‘a priori givens,’ etc.”
“The path of scientific advance is often made impassable for a long time through such errors. For that reason, it is by no means an idle game if we become practiced in analyzing the long-commonplace concepts and exhibiting [revealing, exposing? -Ed.] those circumstances upon which their justification and usefulness depend, how they have grown up, individually, out of the givens of experience. By this means, their all-too-great authority will be broken.” Einstein, 1916, “Memorial notice for Ernst Mach,” Physikalische Zeitschrift 17: 101-02.
……
愛因斯坦認為物理哲學之所以重要，有著教育上的價值，在於說，物理哲學是關於如何看待，人們所知之大自然的整體科學知識。不僅僅只是物理知識、物理方法以及物理理論與假設之反思的總括。這個哲學嘗試在我們已知的和未知的知識之間建立橋樑，闡述人類思維能力所可能達到的領域極限，並且說明人的這種探索之價值。
── 或許有一天，人類終會知道人是什麼？？
就像刻在古希臘戴爾菲神廟
上之，蘇格拉底的名言︰認識自己！！ ──
─── 《物理哲學·上》
灯下讀好書，亮點熱蒸騰。
腦海注理念，心頭旋風生。
猶恐『天下一指、萬物一馬』
人們習以為常的語言、文字都是符號系統。當我們講到玫瑰花，是指「可以看、聞、摸的那種植物的花」，如果缺乏感官經驗，也許根本不能知道玫瑰花是什麼？或者正因為經驗的自然平常，以致於我們忘了玫瑰花只是個符號。有人說玫瑰花即使換個名字‥ Rose ，依然芬芳香甜，指的就是這個道理。如同月亮高掛天空，只能一指說月；天下廣大，當然也只能一指而知，所以說萬物雖然眾多，可以用像談馬一樣的東西去理解。在歷史上大數學家邱奇的 λ 演算，把數學的形式系統推上了高峰，同時加深了人們對『數是什麼？』的認識。
一朵花、一隻鳥、一座山、一片林…都是一，知道『一』、又知道『加上一』，就可以知道數的無窮無盡。然而對於無窮無盡的數又該怎樣命名呢？古代中國發明了十倍為單位的記數法︰十十為百、十百為千、十千為萬…。初期用一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八 、九、十來書寫，而後因為需要發展了大寫數字‥壹、貳、參、肆 、伍、陸、柒、捌、玖、拾。至於說為什麼用十呢？也許因為人有十個手指頭，常用來數數指物。那為什麼沒有零呢？中國古代並沒有零的符號，在概念上『九章算術』用「無入」來表達，算盤上用「空位」去說明。現在所使用的阿拉伯記數法︰0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9，是在漫漫歷史長河中逐步變遷而來。由上述可知三百、參佰、300 雖然說的是同一個數，它的符號卻是不同的。同樣可以知道阿拉伯記數法用位置代表數量級，所以 0 的加入是必要的。
─── 摘自《天下一指、萬物一馬︰二進制》
說 JupyterLab 『符碼格子』 Code Cell ，大而不當也；
又不宜在『部落格』 Blog 著書立論。
所以照舊，對 Python3 語言某些核心概念，略為分解發揮；
至於好書，樂於分享耳◎
/WhirlwindTourOfPython
The Jupyter Notebooks behind my OReilly report, “A Whirlwind Tour of Python”
A Whirlwind Tour of Python
Jake VanderPlas, Summer 2016
This repository contains the Jupyter Notebooks behind my O’Reilly report, A Whirlwind Tour of Python (free 100-page pdf).
A Whirlwind Tour of Python is a fast-paced introduction to essential components of the Python language for researchers and developers who are already familiar with programming in another language.
The material is particularly aimed at those who wish to use Python for data science and/or scientific programming, and in this capacity serves as an introduction to The Python Data Science Handbook (also with notebooks on github). These materials are adapted from courses and workshops I’ve given on these topics at University of Washington and at various conferences, meetings, and workshops around the world.
This material was written and tested using Python 3.5, and should work for any Python 3.X version. I have done my best to note places where the syntax of Python 2.X will differ.
License and Citation
This material is released under the “No Rights Reserved” CC0 license, and thus you are free to re-use, modify, build-on, and enhance this material for any purpose. Read more about CC0 here.
If you do use this material, I would appreciate attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example:
A Whirlwind Tour of Python by Jake VanderPlas (O’Reilly). Copyright 2016 O’Reilly Media, Inc., 978-1-491-96465-1.