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Hi,
I’m currently experimenting with the I2S/PCM interface.
(I know, PCM_FS isn’t accessible as a GPIO on the RasberryPi, but PCM_CLK and PCM_DOUT are, which might be useful enough for certain use cases).
However I’m having trouble getting the I2S system to work. Maybe I misread the datasheet.
For starters I’ve configured the registers to 2x16bit Channels, enabled I2S and filled the FIFO with 64 words (see code below).
Unfortunately I don’t see any output on either GPIO18 or 21.
Furthermore a couple of status bits aren’t updated as I would expect after reading the datasheet.
Most troubling is that the SYNC register (p.126) is always reading 0, no matter what I’m writing into it.
Attached is a simple userspace program (based on the GPIO demo from the elinux wiki).
It configures and enables I2S and fills the FIFO in a loop.
I’m totally clueless at the moment. Either I made a mistake or the datasheet is missing some vital information. Did anyone else have a look into the I2S system and has some idea what I might have missed?
cheers
Dariush
(compile with “gcc -o i2s i2s.c”)
//
// How to access GPIO registers from C-code on the Raspberry-Pi
// Example program
// 15-January-2012
// Dom and Gert
// source: http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals
#define BCM2708_PERI_BASE 0x20000000
#define GPIO_BASE (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x200000) /* GPIO controller */
#define I2S_BASE (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x203000) /* GPIO controller */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PAGE_SIZE (4*1024)
#define BLOCK_SIZE (4*1024)
int mem_fd;
char *gpio_mem, *gpio_map;
char *i2s_mem, *i2s_map;
// I/O access
volatile unsigned *gpio;
volatile unsigned *i2s;
// GPIO setup macros. Always use INP_GPIO(x) before using OUT_GPIO(x) or SET_GPIO_ALT(x,y)
#define INP_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) &= ~(7<<(((g)%10)*3))
#define OUT_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) |= (1<<(((g)%10)*3))
#define SET_GPIO_ALT(g,a) *(gpio+(((g)/10))) |= (((a)<=3?(a)+4:(a)==4?3:2)<<(((g)%10)*3))
#define GPIO_SET *(gpio+7) // sets bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0
#define GPIO_CLR *(gpio+10) // clears bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0
void setup_io();
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{ int g,rep;
setup_io();
printf("Setting GPIO regs to alt0\n");
for (g=18; g<=21; g++)
{
INP_GPIO(g);
SET_GPIO_ALT(g,0);
}
int i;
printf("Memory dump\n");
for(i=0; i<10;i++) {
printf("GPIO memory address=0x%08x: 0x%08x\n", gpio+i, *(gpio+i));
}
// disable I2S so we can modify the regs
printf("Disable I2S\n");
*(i2s+0) = 0;
usleep(10);
// XXX: seems not to be working. FIFO still full, after this.
printf("Clearing FIFOs\n");
*(i2s+0) |= 1<<3 | 1<<4 | 11<5; // clear TX FIFO
usleep(10);
// set register settings
// --> enable Channel1 and channel2
// --> set channel both width to 16 bit
printf("Setting TX channel settings\n");
*(i2s+4) = 1<<30 | 8<<16 | 1<<14 | 16<<4 | 8<<0;
// --> frame width 31+1 bit
*(i2s+2) = 31<<10;
// --> disable STBY
printf("disabling standby\n");
*(i2s+0) |= 1<<25;
usleep(50);
// --> ENABLE SYNC bit
printf("setting sync bit high\n");
*(i2s+0) |= 1<<24;
usleep(50);
if (*(i2s+0) & 1<<24) {
printf("SYNC bit high, as expected.\n");
} else {
printf("SYNC bit low, strange.\n");
}
// enable I2S
*(i2s+0) |= 0x01;
usleep(10);
// enable transmission
*(i2s+0) |= 0x04;
// fill FIFO in while loop
int count=0;
printf("going into loop\n");
while (1) {
while ((*i2s) & (1<<19)) {
// FIFO accepts data
*(i2s+1) = 0xAAAAAAAA;
printf("Filling FIFO, count=%i\n", ++count);
}
// Toogle SYNC Bit
//( XXX: do I have to deactivate I2S to do that? datasheet is unclear)
*(i2s+0) &= ~(0x01);
*(i2s+0) ^= 1<<24;
*(i2s+0) |= 0x01;
sleep(1);
printf("Memory dump\n");
for(i=0; i<9;i++) {
printf("I2S memory address=0x%08x: 0x%08x\n", i2s+i, *(i2s+i));
}
}
return 0;
} // main
//
// Set up a memory regions to access GPIO
//
void setup_io()
{
printf("setup io\n");
/* open /dev/mem */
if ((mem_fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC) ) < 0) {
printf("can't open /dev/mem \n");
exit (-1);
}
/* mmap GPIO */
// Allocate MAP block
if ((gpio_mem = malloc(BLOCK_SIZE + (PAGE_SIZE-1))) == NULL) {
printf("allocation error \n");
exit (-1);
}
// Allocate MAP block
if ((i2s_mem = malloc(BLOCK_SIZE + (PAGE_SIZE-1))) == NULL) {
printf("allocation error \n");
exit (-1);
}
// Make sure pointer is on 4K boundary
if ((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE)
gpio_mem += PAGE_SIZE - ((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE);
// Make sure pointer is on 4K boundary
if ((unsigned long)i2s_mem % PAGE_SIZE)
i2s_mem += PAGE_SIZE - ((unsigned long)i2s_mem % PAGE_SIZE);
// Now map it
gpio_map = (unsigned char *)mmap(
(caddr_t)gpio_mem,
BLOCK_SIZE,
PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED,
mem_fd,
GPIO_BASE
);
// Now map it
i2s_map = (unsigned char *)mmap(
(caddr_t)i2s_mem,
BLOCK_SIZE,
PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED,
mem_fd,
I2S_BASE
);
if ((long)gpio_map < 0) {
printf("mmap error %d\n", (int)gpio_map);
exit (-1);
}
if ((long)i2s_map < 0) {
printf("mmap error %d\n", (int)i2s_map);
exit (-1);
}
// Always use volatile pointer!
gpio = (volatile unsigned *)gpio_map;
i2s = (volatile unsigned *)i2s_map;
} // setup_io