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FreeSandal | 輕。鬆。學。部落客 | 第 226 頁

W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰樹莓派 3 三兩事之藍牙篇【上】

既然因為 UART 的問題將樹莓派 3 的速度調降,以求『藍牙』之『共存』,也已知道可能影響到『藍牙』的操作性,將如之何哉?由於

藍牙

藍牙英語:Bluetooth),一種無線技術標準,用來讓固定與行動裝置,在短距離間交換資料,以形成個人區域網路(PAN)。其使用短波特高頻(UHF)無線電波,經由2.4至2.485 GHz的ISM頻段來進行通信[1]。1994年由電信商愛利信(Ericsson)發展出這個技術[2]。它最初的設計,是希望建立一個RS-232資料線的無線通訊替代版本。它能夠連結多個裝置,克服同步的問題。

藍牙技術目前由藍牙技術聯盟(SIG)來負責維護其技術標準。截至2013年為止,SIG已擁有超過20,000間公司成員,其成員的領域分布在電信、電腦、網路與消費性電子產品上[3]IEEE曾經將藍牙技術標準化為IEEE 802.15.1,但是這個標準已經不再繼續使用。

藍牙Bluetooth)一詞是斯堪的納維亞語言詞彙Blåtand/Blåtann的英語化。這個詞的來源是10世紀丹麥和挪威國王藍牙哈拉爾丹麥語Harald Blåtand Gormsen),借國王的綽號「Blåtand」當名稱,[4]直接翻譯成中文爲「藍牙」(blå=藍,tand=牙)。在中文圈,「藍牙」又稱為「藍芽」。2006年,藍牙技術聯盟組織已將全球中文譯名統一改採直譯為「藍牙」,並註冊為該組織的註冊商標

藍牙的標誌是盧恩字母 Runic letter ior.svgHagall,ᚼ)和 Runic letter berkanan.svgBjarkan,ᛒ)的組合,也就是Harald Blåtand的首字母HB的合寫。

……

藍牙4.0

  • 藍牙4.0是Bluetooth SIG於2010年7月7日推出的新的規範。其最重要的特性是支援省電;
  • Bluetooth 4.0,協定組成和當前主流的Bluetooth h2.x+EDR、還未普及的Bluetooth h3.0+HS不同,Bluetooth 4.0是Bluetooth從誕生至今唯一的一個綜合協定規範,
  • 還提出了「低功耗藍牙」、「傳統藍牙」和「高速藍牙」三種模式。
  • 其中:高速藍牙主攻資料交換與傳輸;傳統藍牙則以資訊溝通、裝置連線為重點;藍牙低功耗顧名思義,以不需占用太多頻寬的裝置連線為主。前身其實是 NOKIA開發的Wibree技術,本是作為一項專為行動裝置開發的極低功耗的移動無線通信技術,在被SIG接納並規範化之後重新命名為 Bluetooth Low Energy(後簡稱低功耗藍牙)。這三種協定規範還能夠互相組合搭配、從而實作更廣泛的應用模式,此外,Bluetooth 4.0還把藍牙的傳輸距離提升到100米以上(低功耗模式條件下)。
  • 分Single mode與Dual mode。
  • Single mode只能與BT4.0互相傳輸無法向下相容(與3.0/2.1/2.0無法相通);Dual mode可以向下相容可與BT4.0傳輸也可以跟3.0/2.1/2.0傳輸
  • 超低的峰值、平均和待機模式功耗,覆蓋範圍增強,最大範圍可超過100米。
  • 速度:支援1Mbps資料傳輸率下的超短封包,最少8個八組位,最多27個。所有連線都使用藍牙2.1加入的減速呼吸模式(sniff subrating)來達到超低工作迴圈。
  • 跳頻:使用所有藍牙規範版本通用的自適應跳頻,最大程度地減少和其他2.4 GHz ISM頻段無線技術的串擾。
  • 主控制:可以休眠更長時間,只在需要執行動作的時候才喚醒。
  • 延遲:最短可在3毫秒內完成連線設定並開始傳輸資料。
  • 健壯性:所有封包都使用24-bit CRC校驗,確保最大程度抵禦干擾。
  • 安全:使用AES-128 CCM加密演算法進行封包加密和認證。
  • 拓撲:每個封包的每次接收都使用32位元尋址,理論上可連線數十億裝置;針對一對一連線最佳化,並支援星形拓撲的一對多連線;使用快速連線和斷開,資料可以在網狀拓撲內轉移而無需維持複雜的網狀網路。

藍牙4.1

  • 藍牙4.1是藍牙技術聯盟於2013年底推出的新的規範,其目的是為了讓 Bluetooth Smart 技術最終成為物聯網(Internet of Everything)發展的核心動力。
  • 此版本為藍牙4.0的軟體更新版本,搭載藍牙4.0裝置的終端可通過軟體更新獲得此版本。
  • 對於開發人員而言,該更新是藍牙技術發展史上一項重要的進步。該更新提供了更高的靈活性和掌控度,讓開發人員能創造更具創新並催化物聯網(IOT)發展的產品。
  • 支援多裝置連接。
  • 智慧連接:增加設置裝置間連接頻率的支援。製造商可以對裝置設置連接進行設置,使得裝置可以更加智慧的控制裝置電量。

藍牙4.2

───

 

實在是個『大規範』,而且與時變遷!根本無從說起,故於此處先列出重要的資訊來源,以備不時之需︰

【 Linux Kernel 官方藍牙之標準堆疊】

BlueZ

Official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack

About

bluetooth

The Bluetooth wireless technology is a worldwide specification for a small-form factor, low-cost radio solution that provides links between mobile computers, mobile phones, other portable handheld devices, and connectivity to the Internet. The specification is developed, published and promoted by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).

features

BlueZ provides support for the core Bluetooth layers and protocols. It is flexible, efficient and uses a modular implementation. It has many interesting features:

  • Complete modular implementation
  • Symmetric multi processing safe
  • Multithreaded data processing
  • Support for multiple Bluetooth devices
  • Real hardware abstraction
  • Standard socket interface to all layers
  • Device and service level security support

Currently BlueZ consists of many separate modules:

  • Bluetooth kernel subsystem core
  • L2CAP and SCO audio kernel layers
  • RFCOMM, BNEP, CMTP and HIDP kernel implementations
  • HCI UART, USB, PCMCIA and virtual device drivers
  • General Bluetooth and SDP libraries and daemons
  • Configuration and testing utilities
  • Protocol decoding and analysis tools

The current set of supported profiles is available here.

───

 

【 Debian 之藍牙指南】

BluetoothUser

Using Bluetooth in a Debian system

Introduction

We assume you have a Bluetooth adapter in your computer and a Bluetooth device (such as a mobile phone or PDA). This documents describes what you need to do to use Bluetooth to communicate with other Bluetooth devices.

The steps described below are required before you can use the services Bluetooth offers. Once you have setup Bluetooth, you can for example

  • exchange data with devices, such as sending music or videos to/from your phone
  • use a mobile phone to give your computer mobile internet access
  • use Bluetooth peripherals with your computer, such as a Bluetooth wireless mouse

See the links below for details.

───

 

【樹莓派 3 之藍牙官方設定】

by real_ale » Tue Mar 01, 2016 12:04 pm
How do i setup bluetooth on RPi 3.

 

by Douglas6 » Tue Mar 01, 2016 12:13 pm
Code: Select all
sudo apt-get install pi-bluetooth

seems to be the best way

───

 

【目前 Jessie 之藍牙版本】

pi@raspberrypi ~ apt-cache show bluez Package: bluez Version: 5.23-2+rpi1 Architecture: armhf Maintainer: Debian Bluetooth Maintainers <pkg-bluetooth-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org> Installed-Size: 2588 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.1.1), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.28.0), libreadline6 (>= 6.0), libudev1 (>= 196), init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), kmod, udev (>= 170-1), lsb-base, dbus Conflicts: bluez-audio (<= 3.36-3), bluez-utils (<= 3.36-3) Breaks: udev (<< 170-1) Replaces: bluez-audio (<= 3.36-3), bluez-input, bluez-network, bluez-serial, bluez-utils (<= 3.36-3), udev (<< 170-1) Multi-Arch: foreign Homepage: http://www.bluez.org Priority: optional Section: admin Filename: pool/main/b/bluez/bluez_5.23-2+rpi1_armhf.deb Size: 595204 SHA256: f50a38dc3fe08e8509ea748a174e2f715ffd5618fc1552c7038d4639fbb2262e SHA1: d88c98a72920646177c059ab09a78a85a0f77370 MD5sum: 10cd0648f9cf2ceab7848e5775b2800e Description: Bluetooth tools and daemons  This package contains tools and system daemons for using Bluetooth devices.  .  BlueZ is the official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack. It is an Open Source  project distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL). Description-md5: ef25d6a9f4a57e78f32faa7b58ef4e59  Package: bluez Source: bluez (5.23-2) Version: 5.23-2+b1 Architecture: armhf Maintainer: Debian Bluetooth Maintainers <pkg-bluetooth-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org> Installed-Size: 2481 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.1.1), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.28.0), libreadline6 (>= 6.0), libudev1 (>= 196), init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), kmod, udev (>= 170-1), lsb-base, dbus Conflicts: bluez-audio (<= 3.36-3), bluez-utils (<= 3.36-3) Breaks: udev (<< 170-1) Replaces: bluez-audio (<= 3.36-3), bluez-input, bluez-network, bluez-serial, bluez-utils (<= 3.36-3), udev (<< 170-1) Multi-Arch: foreign Homepage: http://www.bluez.org Priority: optional Section: admin Filename: pool/main/b/bluez/bluez_5.23-2+b1_armhf.deb Size: 598842 SHA256: 1d63e2abab63f2109f2e0b80ecb1f6e7fed2c595e716390cbe4ea721e5f0e6d7 SHA1: 5187964d89ce428b99fd1f87203c54546e5e34ee MD5sum: 66b230ec94a4dff426d8354315f917bf Description: Bluetooth tools and daemons  This package contains tools and system daemons for using Bluetooth devices.  .  BlueZ is the official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack. It is an Open Source  project distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL). Description-md5: ef25d6a9f4a57e78f32faa7b58ef4e59  pi@raspberrypi ~ 

 

【 BlueZ 5.23 之發行摘要】

Release of BlueZ 5.23

This is mostly a bug-fix release with fixes for concurrent authorization attempts (for untrusted devices), HID, uHID, OBEX, MAP and AVRCP. We now also have better support for AVCTP/AVRCP decoding with btmon.

On the Android side a notable enhancement is the ability to take advantage of kernel whitelist support to enable LE passive scanning (something that’s available from Linux Kernel release 3.17 onward)..

bluez-5.23.tar.xz

───

 

同時確認當下

【藍牙mini- UART 之連接速度 115200 】

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ more /lib/systemd/system/hciuart.service
[Unit]
Description=Configure Bluetooth Modems connected by UART
ConditionPathIsDirectory=/proc/device-tree/soc/gpio@7e200000/bt_pins
Before=bluetooth.service
After=dev-ttyS0.device

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/bin/hciattach /dev/ttyS0 bcm43xx 115200 noflow -

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

以及參考

【 man hciattach 手冊】

HCIATTACH(1)              Linux System Administration             HCIATTACH(1)

NAME
       hciattach - attach serial devices via UART HCI to BlueZ stack

SYNOPSIS
       hciattach  [-b] [-n] [-p] [-t timeout] [-s speed] [-l] [-r] tty type|id
       speed flow bdaddr

DESCRIPTION
       Hciattach is used to attach a serial UART to the Bluetooth stack as HCI
       transport interface.

OPTIONS
       -b     Send break.

       -n     Don't detach from controlling terminal.

       -p     Print the PID when detaching.

       -t timeout
              Specify an initialization timeout.  (Default is 5 seconds.)
……

 

大膽踏上征途的耶!!??

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰樹莓派 3 三兩事之 UART 篇

近期閱讀 Brian Dorey 上的一篇文章︰

Raspberry Pi 3 UART Overlay Workaround

Monday 07 March 2016

With the release of the Raspberry Pi 3 the original hardware UART from the Broadcom processor has been reassigned to the Bluetooth chipset and the UART output on the GPIO pins now uses a mini-uart port. The mini-uart doesn’t have a separate clock divisor and uses the core clock frequency.

I(n) theory this shouldn’t make any difference to using the port but when the new Raspberry Pi 3 arrived we found that the boot console and serial port communications no longer worked at the baud rate specified and seemed to run approximate 1.6 times slower so a 115,200 baud rate was actually running at 72000 baud rate.

【※ 400MHz / 250MHz = 1.6 ?】

The baud rate also fluctuated according to the processor load and speed which made it unusable for any external serial devices.

We posted on the official Raspberry Pi forums https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=107&t=138223 to see if it would be possible to remap the hardware UART back to the GPIO pins and one of the Raspberry Pi Engineers, PhillE has been very helpful in finding a workaround for the UART issues and wrote a device tree overlay to remap the hardware UART.

One solution posted was to add core_freq=250 to /boot/cmdline.txt which reduces the CPU speed and cripples the performance of the Raspberry Pi 3 but this retains the Bluetooth functionality, an alternative way to keep the performance but also enable the UART support is to use a device tree overlay and reconfigure the Raspberry Pi 3 to use the new overlay which maps the hardware UART back to the GPIO header.

The Raspberry Pi foundation have posted about this problem on a FAQ for the Raspberry Pi 3 on their forum: https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=137932 and replied with:

My GPIO-connected UART device is broken on Pi 3, why?
The mini-uart is now routed to GPIO14/15 as the PL011 UART is now used for bluetooth communications. The mini-uart doesn’t have a separate clock divisor and uses the core clock frequency. Changes in core clock (e.g. through throttling or idle/load frequency changes) will result in arbitrary modification of the effective baud rate. There’s no easy way around this, but as a workaround there is a pi3-disable-bt devicetree overlay in latest rpi-update firmware which reverts this change.

───

 

不得不令人想起

春雷早發︰樹莓派 2 Model B ︰拍照害羞篇?!》之事︰

杜甫‧空囊

翠柏苦猶食,晨霞高可餐。
世人共鹵莽,吾道屬艱難。
不爨井晨凍,無衣床夜寒。
囊空恐羞澀,留得一錢看。

hG86pRyl
閃光燈殭死症?!

B9Ut_QwIQAACrp_
都是 U16 惹的禍??

180px-Actual_blu_tack
來點 寶貼吧!!

忘了當年是誰說的『 PC 沒有不當機的??』,否則要『 RESET 開關幹嘛!!』。為了多了解『 RPI 2 』,閱讀了『樹莓派論壇』,驚訝《 Why is the PI2 camera-shy ? 》一段討論!ㄚˊ!拍照會當機光過敏 ??解決方法是『用寶貼』或『 Sugru 』???作者寫這篇文章的時候,『討論』依然進行中,看來會有更多的人參與的吧!!

作者認為聽到『剛買的新東西有瑕疵』,大概總會『高興不起來』的。如果已經知道『問題是什麼』,也有了『解決的方法』,那麼『感性』與『理性』的交匯處,或許落在『合理性』之上的吧!畢竟一般的使用上 ── 比方說,裝在外殼裡 ──,大體也遇不著這個問題,何不『放下議論』向前行呢?

───

 

那ㄟㄚㄋㄟ˙??這將會影響很多 UART 界面之裝置!!而且所謂『 WORKAROUND 』總叫人覺得『ㄑㄇ氣』不好!!??為什麼『 mini-uart 』會少了一個『時鐘』??!!這樹莓派基金會當真是︰每有新品,驚嚇連連!!!果然應了古話︰

人無遠慮,必有近憂。

好事不出門,壞事傳千里。

 

既已無力回天,心想何不『降頻、共存』以求其次,豈料那篇大作的這個部份資訊,偏偏又已過時︰

Raspberry Pi 3 – Bluetooth PL011 UART (9bit on mini-UART)?

by steaky1212 » Tue Mar 01, 2016 9:20 am

Hi,

I saw a brief comment on the forum (The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Q&A thread) that the new Bluetooth module uses the PL011 UART and the GPIO header will be using Broadcom’s mini-UART instead. Is this the case?

I have a project where I needed a 9-bit UART and so was modifying the parity bit (mark/space/one/zero) on an 8bit UART to get this to work. As the mini-UART is not fully 16550 compliant (and doesn’t have a parity bit), then this will not work.

Am I correct in all of this? And if so then how do I get a fully functioning UART on the RPi3 (FTDI chips are not an option)?

Thanks in advance,
Steaky

……

by PhilE » Fri Mar 11, 2016 7:06 pm
Change the serial1 in cmdline.txt to serial0. (That use of serial1 was a short-lived special needed when the miniuart overlay was first added – with the latest firmware it is no longer necessary, and serial0 is always the non-BT uart).

───

 

真真是子曰:

不曰『如之何,如之何』者,吾末如之何也已矣。

 

終究人非聖賢,孰能無過?自錯誤中學習,也是重要的方法???此時看來『嘗試錯誤』、『與時偕行』誠有大用哉!!!

於是乎查閱

rpi-firmware/overlays/README

# line 478
Name: pi3-disable-bt
Info: Disable Pi3 Bluetooth and restore UART0/ttyAMA0 over GPIOs 14 & 15
      N.B. To disable the systemd service that initialises the modem so it
      doesn't use the UART, use 'sudo systemctl disable hciuart'.
Load: dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt
Params: <None>

Name: pi3-miniuart-bt
Info: Switch Pi3 Bluetooth function to use the mini-UART (ttyS0) and restore
      UART0/ttyAMA0 over GPIOs 14 & 15. Note that this may reduce the maximum usable baudrate.
      N.B. It is also necessary to edit /lib/systemd/system/hciuart.server and replace ttyAMA0 with ttyS0.
Load: dtoverlay=pi3-miniuart-bt
Params: <None>

 

循言修改

【 /boot/cmdline.txt 】

dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 kgdboc=serial0,115200 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait

 

以及

【 /boot/config.txt 】

# UART issues
dtoverlay=pi3-miniuart-bt
core_freq=250

 

同時更正

【 sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/hciuart.service 】

[Unit]
Description=Configure Bluetooth Modems connected by UART
ConditionPathIsDirectory=/proc/device-tree/soc/gpio@7e200000/bt_pins
Before=bluetooth.service
After=dev-ttyS0.device

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/bin/hciattach /dev/ttyS0 bcm43xx 115200 noflow -

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

重新開機後,果然

pi@raspberrypi ~ dmesg | grep tty [    0.000000] Kernel command line: 8250.nr_uarts=1 dma.dmachans=0x7f35 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=1920 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=1080 bcm2709.boardrev=0xa02082 bcm2709.serial=0x5d898162 smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:89:81:62 bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1 bcm2709.uart_clock=48000000 vc_mem.mem_base=0x3dc00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x3f000000  dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyAMA0,115200  console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait [    0.001294] console [tty1] enabled [    0.305856] 3f215040.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x3f215040 (irq = 29, base_baud = 31250000) is a 16550 [    1.045876] 3f201000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x3f201000 (irq = 83, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev2 [    2.298521] console [ttyAMA0] enabled [    3.771052] systemd[1]: Expecting device dev-ttyAMA0.device... [    4.308291] systemd[1]: Starting system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. [    4.326669] systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. [    6.160579] usb 1-1.4: pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB0 pi@raspberrypi ~

 

pi@raspberrypi ~ sudo systemctl status hciuart ● hciuart.service - Configure Bluetooth Modems connected by UART    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/hciuart.service; enabled)    Active: active (running) since 六 2016-03-12 19:15:23 CST; 2min 36s ago   Process: 453 ExecStart=/usr/bin/hciattach /dev/ttyS0 bcm43xx 115200 noflow - (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)  Main PID: 1009 (hciattach)    CGroup: /system.slice/hciuart.service            └─1009 /usr/bin/hciattach /dev/ttyS0 bcm43xx 115200 noflow -   3月 12 19:15:23 raspberrypi hciattach[453]: bcm43xx_init  3月 12 19:15:23 raspberrypi hciattach[453]: Flash firmware /lib/firmware/BCM43430A1.hcd  3月 12 19:15:23 raspberrypi hciattach[453]: Set Controller UART speed to 115200 bit/s  3月 12 19:15:23 raspberrypi hciattach[453]: Device setup complete  3月 12 19:15:23 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Started Configure Bluetooth Modems connected by UART. pi@raspberrypi ~ 

 

OK 的矣。再依

 

將 USB TTL Serial Loopback 』串回樹莓派︰

  • The red lead should be connected to 5V,
  • The black lead to GND,
  • The white lead to TXD.
  • The green lead to RXD.

Check the diagram below if you are not sure about the connections. But note that the connect is being viewed upside down, so rotate the diagram by 180 degrees to compare it with the photograph.

 


pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200

指令驗證 PL011 UART ︰

pi@raspberrypi: ~_ttyAMA0

 

幸好一切正常的耶!!!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰樹莓派 3 三兩事之 WiFi 篇

好像是不說自明的事,拿到樹莓派 3 後,首先就是下載最新版的 Raspbian ,讀讀 Release notes︰

Raspbian Jessie

Full desktop image based on Debian Jessie
Version: February 2016
Release date: 2016-02-26
Kernel version: 4.1
Release notes: Link
# Release notes
2016-02-26:
  * Support added for Pi 3, including Wifi and Bluetooth
  * Option to set wifi country code added to raspi-config
2016-02-09:
  * dtb that uses mmc sdcard driver (fixes problems experienced with certain SD cards)
2016-02-03:
……

 

照說用新的 raspi-config 設定好 WiFi 國別後,

pi@raspberrypi_WiFi

 

就該運作順暢?不過總是天不從人願!只好查之以論壇︰

RPi 3 – Very poor wifi performance

by toadstool » Wed Mar 02, 2016 1:10 pm

A fresh Raspbian Lite install on a brand new official Samsung Class 10 SD card installed in a new RPi 3.

Apt-get update and upgrade direct from the Pi (using screen and keyboard) works well – no apparent network issues.

However, ping and SSH from another host on the network to the RPi 3 shows abysmal results. Ping shows latency varying from 4.56 ms to almost 3000ms. SSH’ing in results in input latency with up to 5 seconds delay.

On the same network with RPi Zero and official RPi Broadcom USB wifi dongle there are no issues.

Router is a Buffalo N with current OpenWrt. No other hosts (including multiple various wifi devices) on the network have issues.

Could this be related to wifi chipset firmware, dynamic clocking frequency scaling or due to built in wifi being connected via SDIO?

I understand the Broadcom chipset for the built in wifi on the RPi 3 is different than the chipset in the Official USB dongle (BCM43438 cf. BCM43143) and it looks like each uses a different version of the Broadcom wifi firmware:

……

 

考之以 rpi-update 更新紀錄

# rpi-update 3月九日
firmware: vc_image: Don't mangle the pitch for deinterlace with tall …

…YUV images

See: raspberrypi/firmware#520

firmware: spdif: Allow compressed audio flag to be forced
See: raspberrypi/firmware#561

kernel: vchiq_arm: Tweak the logging output

kernel: bcm2835-sdhost: Only claim one DMA channel
kernel: bcm2835-mmc: Only claim one DMA channel
See: raspberrypi/linux#1327

kernel: Pi3 DT: Add pull-ups on the UART RX lines

kernel: config: Add module for mcp3422 ADC
See: raspberrypi/linux#1330

# WiFi 電源管理問題
kernel: brcmfmac: Disable power management
See: https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=138312

kernel: serial: Take care starting a hung-

 

總算能正常工作的了!!或許 dmesg 之訊息︰

pi@raspberrypi ~ dmesg | grep brcm [    4.858309] brcmfmac: brcmf_sdio_drivestrengthinit: No SDIO Drive strength init done for chip 43430 rev 1 pmurev 24 [    4.859922] usbcore: registered new interface driver brcmfmac [    5.058162] brcmfmac: brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds: Firmware version = wl0: Dec 15 2015 18:10:45 version 7.45.41.23 (r606571) FWID 01-cc4eda9c [    5.087066] brcmfmac: brcmf_cfg80211_reg_notifier: not a ISO3166 code [    5.508985] brcmfmac: brcmf_add_if: ERROR: netdev:wlan0 already exists [    5.509010] brcmfmac: brcmf_add_if: ignore IF event [    5.517260] brcmfmac: power management disabled [    5.785206] brcmfmac: brcmf_cfg80211_reg_notifier: not a ISO3166 code pi@raspberrypi ~ 

 

仍然 讓人有點憂慮??看來驅動程式完善還需要一點時間!!

 

假使從 iwconfig

pi@raspberrypi ~ iwconfig  wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"BUFFALO-C4ECF8_G"             Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: 4C:E6:76:C4:EC:F8              Bit Rate=11 Mb/s   Tx-Power=1496 dBm              Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off           Power Management:on           Link Quality=56/70  Signal level=-54 dBm             Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0           Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0  lo        no wireless extensions.  eth0      no wireless extensions.  pi@raspberrypi ~ 

 

以及 iw list ︰

pi@raspberrypi ~ iw list Wiphy phy0 	max # scan SSIDs: 10 	max scan IEs length: 2048 bytes 	Retry short limit: 7 	Retry long limit: 4 	Coverage class: 0 (up to 0m) 	Device supports roaming. 	Device supports T-DLS. 	Supported Ciphers: 		* WEP40 (00-0f-ac:1) 		* WEP104 (00-0f-ac:5) 		* TKIP (00-0f-ac:2) 		* CCMP (00-0f-ac:4) 		* CMAC (00-0f-ac:6) 	Available Antennas: TX 0 RX 0 	Supported interface modes: 		 * IBSS 		 * managed 		 * AP 		 * P2P-client 		 * P2P-GO 		 * P2P-device </pre>    <span style="color: #666699;">來看,這個 WiFi 雖可以用作『 <a style="color: #666699;" href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=138550">AP</a> 』熱點,但是沒有『 monitor 』模式,就無法跑『地壘』這類工具軟體的哩︰ </span>     <span style="color: #808000;">不論用什麼樣的『 <a style="color: #808000;" href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/金文尺.gif"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-39968" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/金文尺.gif" alt="金文尺" width="21" height="44" /></a> 』尺來度量,都得了解那根尺的構成,以及量到數值的意義,要如何校正資料,方能有實際的用途。為此特別介紹一個稱之為『地壘』 horst 的軟體︰</span> <h1><a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/spiralsun_small.gif"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-40043" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/spiralsun_small.gif" alt="spiralsun_small" width="60" height="60" /></a><a href="http://br1.einfach.org/tech/horst/">br1 blog</a></h1> <div class="description">high-tech or low-life?</div> <div class="description"></div> <div class="description"> <h2>horst</h2> <div class="entry">  ``horst'' is a small, lightweight IEEE802.11 wireless LAN analyzer with a text interface. Its basic function is similar to <a href="http://www.tcpdump.org/">tcpdump</a>, <a href="http://www.wireshark.org/">Wireshark</a> or <a href="http://www.kismetwireless.net/">Kismet</a>, but it's much smaller and shows different, aggregated information which is not easily available from other tools. It is mainly targeted at debugging wireless LANs with a focus on ad-hoc (IBSS) mode in larger mesh networks. It can be useful to get a quick overview of what's going on on all wireless LAN channels and to identify problems. <ul> 	<li>Shows signal (RSSI) values per station</li> 	<li>Calculates channel utilization (``usage'') by adding up the amount of time the packets actually occupy the medium</li> 	<li>``Spectrum Analyzer'' shows signal levels and usage per channel</li> 	<li>Graphical packet history, with signal, packet type and physical rate</li> 	<li>Shows all stations per ESSID and the live TSF per node as it is counting</li> 	<li>Detects IBSS ``splits'' (same ESSID but different BSSID - this is a common driver problem)</li> 	<li>Statistics of packets/bytes per physical rate and per packet type</li> 	<li>Has some support for mesh protocols (OLSR and batman)</li> 	<li>Can filter specific packet types, source addresses or BSSIDs</li> 	<li>Client/server support for monitoring on remote nodes</li> </ul> ``horst'' is a Linux program and can be used on any wireless LAN monitor interface. The latest version is 4.2 from Oct 1 2014.  </div> </div> ……  <span style="color: #808080;"><strong>【主畫面】</strong></span>  <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-main_0.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-40041" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-main_0.png" alt="horst-main_0" width="718" height="510" /></a>  <span style="color: #808080;"><strong>【訊號‧雜訊‧歷史】</strong></span>  <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-history_1.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-40040" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-history_1.png" alt="horst-history_1" width="718" height="510" /></a>  <span style="color: #808080;"><strong>【頻譜分析】</strong></span>  <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-spec1.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-40042" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/horst-spec1.png" alt="horst-spec1" width="718" height="510" /></a>  <span style="color: #808000;">以期加深讀者對無線網路的認識。由於這個程式使用 IEEE802.11 的『monitor』操作模式,讀者可用『 iw list 』來確認 USB 無線 dongle 是否具有這個模式︰</span> <pre class="lang:sh decode:true "># iw 工具安裝 pi@raspberrypi ~ sudo apt-get install iw

# 如果 iw list 顯示空行,那個 USB WiFi dongle 不具 IEEE802.11 相容模式。

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ iw list
Wiphy phy0
# ………
# USB WiFi dongle 提供哪些模式
	Supported interface modes:
		 * IBSS
		 * managed
		 * AP
		 * AP/VLAN
		 * WDS
# 有 monitor 模式
		 * monitor
		 * mesh point
	software interface modes (can always be added):
		 * AP/VLAN
		 * monitor
	valid interface combinations:
		 * #{ AP, mesh point } <= 8,
		   total <= 8, #channels <= 1

─ 摘自《勇闖新世界︰ W!o《卡夫卡村》變形祭︰圓局定向‧四

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰通往樹莓派 3 之 Hearsay PC

假使打電腦史上第一次流行之個人

Apple II

Apple II蘋果公司製作的第一種普及的微電腦。它的直系先祖是Apple I——一種有限的、以印刷電路板組成的電腦。許多電子玩家基於此電腦創新了許多功能,使Apple II達到商業上的成功。自1977年於西岸電腦展(West Coast Computer Faire)首次發布後,Apple II成為一種成功的個人電腦。幾種不同的機型先後上市販售,而最普及的機型一直到1990年代都只有不大的改變。直至1993年為止,估計共生產了5-6百萬部Apple II(包括約125萬部Apple IIGS) 。

在1980-1990年代,Apple II是美國教育系統實際採用的標準電腦 。直至今日,仍有一些還在教室里並能正常使用。Apple II在商業、家庭學校使用者之間很普及,特別是在第一款試算表軟體「VisiCalc」發布後。這個軟體一開始只能在Apple II上執行。

Apple II本來運作時只有一開機ROM裡內建的BASIC程式語言直譯器可用,後來才隨著軟碟機的加入而有「Apple DOS」。最後一版的DOS是「Apple DOS 3.3」,後來DOS被ProDOS取代來支援分層檔案系統以及較大容量的儲存裝置,能使用軟碟或硬碟。此外 Apple II 也可以使用 UCSD Pascal 作業系統,UCSD 二進位格式與包含 IBM-PC 在內的其他電腦系統相容。使用Z80介面的話,Apple II也可以執行CP/M作業系統上的WordstardBase軟體。

蘋果公司的麥金塔產品線最終在1990年代初接替了Apple II系列。但即使在麥金塔上市之後, Apple II仍然有好幾年是蘋果的主要收入來源:Apple II與其相關的第一方開發者與零售商社群曾是年收入逾十億美元的事業。IIGS一直賣到1992年末,IIe則在 1993年10月15日從產品線上移除,象徵一個時代的結束。

200px-Apple_II

16色螢幕的Apple II於紐約電腦展

───

 

,到成為歷史的

IBM PC

IBM PCIBM個人電腦(Personal Computer)的縮寫,是IBM PC相容機硬體平台的原型和前身,其型號為5150,1981年8月12日推出,是IBM佛羅里達州博喀拉藤(Boca Raton)的一組工程師和設計師在唐·埃斯特利奇(Don Estridge)的領導下設計的。

「個人電腦」這個稱呼最早用於1972年全錄帕洛阿爾托研究中心研製的Xerox Alto電腦,到1981年前這個稱呼已經相當普遍,但是由於IBM PC的巨大成功,此後這個詞幾乎只用於與IBM標準相容的微型電腦了。

250px-Ibm_px_xt_color

開發者 IBM
類型 個人電腦
推出日期 1981年8月12日
停止支援 1987年4月2日
作業系統 IBM BASIC / PC-DOS 1.0
CP/M-86
UCSD p-System
中央處理器 Intel 8088 @ 4.77 MHz
記憶體 16 kB ~ 256 kB
下代產品 IBM PC XT

───

 

作個比較,這塊三十五美元的

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Pi_3_Model_B-01

The Raspberry Pi 3 is the third generation Raspberry Pi. It replaced the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B in February 2016. Compared to the Raspberry Pi 2 it has:

  • A 1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core ARMv8 CPU
  • 802.11n Wireless LAN
  • Bluetooth 4.1
  • Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Like the Pi 2, it also has:

  • 4 USB ports
  • 40 GPIO pins
  • Full HDMI port
  • Ethernet port
  • Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video
  • Camera interface (CSI)
  • Display interface (DSI)
  • Micro SD card slot (now push-pull rather than push-push)
  • VideoCore IV 3D graphics core

The Raspberry Pi 3 has an identical form factor to the previous Pi 2 (and Pi 1 Model B+) and has complete compatibility with Raspberry Pi 1 and 2.

We recommend the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B for use in schools, or for any general use. Those wishing to embed their Pi in a project may prefer the Pi Zero or Model A+, which are more useful for embedded projects, and projects which require very low power.

───

 

誠是過往夢寐以求之超級電腦的耶!!??

也許正因樹莓派 3 令人驚豔之高『性價比』,遂引來『 PCMag 』的青睞,榮登 EDITORS’ CHOICE  ︰

 

logo_pcmag_ap

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Editor Rating: Excellent (4.0)
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
US Street Price$35.00
  • Pros

    It’s a $35 computer! Drastically improved performance, feature set over the previous iteration.
  • Cons

    Only for the adventurous. Software, setup may be challenging to some.
  • Bottom Line

    The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B is the same size and the same price as its predecessor, but major hardware improvements make this mini computer much more delectable overall.

By Matthew Murray

Manufacturers of full-scale PCs have trouble coming up with exciting new features across each generation of their releases; there are only so many ways you can spin minor improvements. The same would also seem to be true of the Raspberry Pi, if not truer: It’s never looked like much more than a light-featured PCB with a couple of familiar ports tacked on. But for the newest iteration of the product, the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, the usual modest bump in performance is accompanied by a particularly impressive new feature: Wi-Fi. Now that you no longer need to be tethered to an Ethernet cable, there are even fewer limits on where your imagination can take you. And as the Pi 3 retains the $35 purchase price that’s defined the line since day one, it’s now an even better option for the makers, enthusiasts, or educational types who could benefit from this sort of system, and, as such, earns our Editors’ Choice.

───

 

於是有人想??!!

Can you use the Raspberry Pi 3 as your work PC?

We spent a week working on the Raspberry Pi 3, to see how the $35 machine matched up to laptops costing more than 10 times its price.

pi3-work

The tiny Pi 3 that I worked on for a week.
Image: Nick Heath / TechRepublic

 

The Raspberry Pi 3 is a $35 computer that is on the cusp of challenging the modern PC.

The bump to the processing power of the latest machine has, according to its co-creator, elevated its performance to a point where it can comfortably be used as a desktop computer.

To determine whether the latest Pi really can go toe-to-toe with a current laptop, I spent a week using the Pi 3 as my main work machine.

The test is inherently unfair, my regular laptop – a Toshiba Portege Z30 – costs roughly 40 times the price of the Pi 3, and Pi co-creator Eben Upton was comparing the board with an ‘entry-level PC’ from more than six years ago.

But despite the odds being stacked against the Pi, the credit card-sized computer held its own in many respects and demonstrated just how much power it squeezes out of its budget hardware.

───

 

但思事物應其時代而生,因其環境而長,消長自有其故。也許根本不必墜入能否用為『個人電腦』 PC 之迷思??只需考慮合不合於『應用目的』就好!!或許該讀讀教主之

The 5 things that would have made Raspberry Pi 3 better

pi3-15-100647447-primary.idge

The Raspberry Pi 3 has Wi-Fi and a 64-bit processor.Credit: Raspberry Pi

Some key technologies could have made Raspberry Pi 3 much better as a PC and board for IoT devices

What can you fit into a Raspberry Pi board while still keeping the price to $35? That’s a question Raspberry Pi CEO Eben Upton wrestled with when planning the third version of the product.

He opted for a faster 64-bit ARM processor and wireless features so Raspberry Pi 3 could be a PC as well as a board for cool new devices. Other features had to be left out.

But Upton has a never-say-die attitude — if a new technology is available at a reasonable cost, it will be added to future versions of the Raspberry Pi.

“We’ll take what we can get,” Upton said.

Here are five technologies that could’ve made the Pi 3 a better computer but didn’t make the cut, due to cost, incompatibility and other issues. They could be available in the next iteration of the computer.

───

 

若講後浪、前浪只不過是分類而已,追求波瀾壯闊總是︰真積力,久則入。的吧??要不怎麼會

『蜜蜂』為何不見了?》!!

有人

天下『一切』事情,都不過是個『分類』。

有人』就『有事』,天下何得『无事』?天下能得『無人』乎?

有人

酸葡萄『沒有』想『』,甜檸檬『』卻想『不要』;

都是一種『心理』。

有人

有所謂『』與『』? 分別著『』或『』,

』其所『』,『』其所『』。

有人

蜜蜂』為何不見了?

只因『』和『』!!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W!o+ 的《小伶鼬工坊演義》︰通往樹莓派 3 之 Hearsay OS

凡走過必留下痕跡??在那個 Intel CPU 稱王, Microsoft OS 獨大的 PC 年代,不只創造了『 Standard Bug 』和『 Final Beta 』之經典說法,更因微軟一路攻城掠地,蠶食鯨吞應用軟體市場,又與大學大打侵權之官司,據說搞的個天怒人怨,於是 Bill Gates 的笑話傳聞始終不斷。茲引幾則以饗讀者︰

(1) Bill and the Win 95

God calls Bill Gates, Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin to his office and says,

“The world will end in 30 days. Go back and tell your people.” so Boris Yeltsin goes to the Russian people and says: “I have bad news and I have worse news. The bad news is that we were wrong … there is a God. The worse news is that the world will end in 30 days.”

Bill Clinton goes on TV and tell the American people: “I have good news and I have bad news. The good news is that the basic family values upon which we have based our lives are right, there is a God … The bad news is that the world will end in 30 days.”

Bill Gates goes to his executive committee and announces: “I have great news and I have fabulous news. The great news is that God thinks I’m important. The fabulous news is that we don’t have to fix any of the Microsoft’s bugs.”


(2) Bill Gates visiting hell

Bill Gates dies in a car accident. He finds himself in purgatory, being sized up by St. Peter.

“Well, Bill, I’m really confused on this call; I’m not sure whether to send you to Heaven or Hell. After all, you enormously helped society by putting a computer in almost every home in America, yet you also created that ghastly Windows ’95. I’m going to do something I’ve never done before in your case; I’m going to let you decide where you want to go.”

Bill replied, “well, what’s the difference between the two?” St. Peter said, “I’m willing to let you visit both places briefly, if it will help your decision.”

“Fine, but where should I go first?”

“I’ll leave that up to you.”

“Okay then,” said Bill, “Let’s try Hell first.”

So Bill went to Hell. It was a beautiful, clean, sandy beach with clear waters and lots of bikini-clad women running around, playing in the water, laughing and frolicking about. The sun was shining; the temperature perfect. He was very pleased.

“This is great!” he told St. Peter. “If this is hell, I REALLY want to see heaven!””Fine,” said St. Peter, and off they went.

Heaven was a place high in the clouds, with angels drifting about, playing harps and singing. It was nice, but not as enticing as Hell.

Bill thought for a quick minute, and rendered his decision. “Hmmm. I think I’d prefer Hell,” he told St. Peter.

“Fine,” retorted St. Peter, “as you desire.”

So Bill Gates went to Hell.

Two weeks later, St. Peter decided to check on the late billionaire to see how he was doing in Hell. When he got there, he found Bill, shackled to a wall, screaming amongst hot flames in dark caves, being burned and tortured by demons.

“How’s everything going?” he asked Bill.

Bill responded, with his voice filled with anguish and disappointment, “This is awful! This is nothing like the Hell I visited two weeks ago! I can’t believe this is happening! What happened to that other place, with the beautiful beaches, the scantily-clad women playing in the water?!???

“That was a demo,” replied St. Peter.


(3) Bill Gates in heaven

I dreamt last night that I went to Heaven, and I met St. Peter at the Pearly Gates. I asked him that since I arrived in Heaven if I could take a look around the place. St. Peter agreed, and even came along with me to show me around. We went a ways, until we met President Clinton, tied to one of the most ugliest beast you could ever, ever imagine. It was nearly human, probably about 95 years old, 5 inch thick glasses, grease just dripping off its body, muttering every now and then like a sick crow. We asked Willie why he was chained to this awful creature.

Willie replied: “Well, when I used to live on Earth, I committed a number of sins, and now I’m chained to this really ugly old thing as penance.”

We wished President Clinton the best of luck, and moved on. A while later we met with none other than Elvis Presley, the King of Rock, and he was tied to another of the most ugliest creatures you could imagine, even worse than the first one. We asked Mr. Presley why he was chained to such an ugly thing.

The King replies: “Well, when I used to live on Earth, I committed a number of sins, and now I have to live with this ugly old monster for a while as penance.”

We wished the King the best of luck, and moved on.

After a while we met up with Billy Gates, president of Microsoft. Billy Gates just so happened to be chained to one of the most gorgeous, luscious, and sexiest woman you could ever imagine, long blonde hair, blue eyes, long limbs, and a beautiful figure. So, we asked him why they were chained to each other like that.

The woman answered first: “When I used to live on Earth, I committed a number of sins…”

─── 出處《香港中文大學計算機科學與工程學系

Prof. John C.S. Lui

Jokes about Mr. Bill Gates

 

自一九九一 Linux 首發,到二零零一《只為歡樂》︰

200px-Just_for_Fun_cover

二零零一年,林納斯‧托瓦茲 Linus Torvalds ── Linux kernel 的創建者 ── 出版了一本他與大衛‧戴爾蒙德 David Diamond 聯合撰寫的幽默自傳《只為歡樂Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary 。這本書提出了『 Linus 法則 the Law of Linus that all evolution contributed by humanity starts for survival, sustains socially and entertains at last.

─── 摘自《音樂播放器原型機之《可能性》 Just for Fun

 

十年磨成之劍,尚在淬火鍛鍊中。或因『吃著魚企鵝圖』的啟示, Tuz 之感召︰

已到春分,晝夜各半,日出前注目地平,那第一道《曙光》映射的正是大地『陽光均分』之時!不知從『太空』所見的『天際線』,能否使人體會惠施』之【天與地卑,山與澤平。 】?感受

水藍地球』的『』,她能是不能喚醒『仁民愛物』之『』的呢?古往今來『大小觀』之『無窮思辯』,正高聲述說著『生命神奇』與『造化奧妙』的吧!!

想像

台灣的『玉山』海拔三千五百九十二公尺,假使站上了『玉山頂巔』四目極望,是否『眼界』大到足以『擁抱』一整個『美麗寶島』的呢??

深思

當鳳凰已去,麒麟不在,所謂『世界』會更『美麗』嗎?活著的人真很『富足』的耶??

Ccpenguin,_the_ancestor_of_Tux
Linus Torvalds’s
“favourite penguin picture”

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The story behind Tux,
Canberra Zoo

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Tuz, the Tasmanian devil

Tux 學堂的牆上, 掛著核心 kernel  Linus Torvalds 最喜歡的『吃著魚企鵝圖』︰

吃著魚釣魚─── 一個理念、一種方法、一門生活哲學

強調『理論』與『實務』並重之學習,同修的重要。在這個社會裡,教育是責任,學習是義務!從出生到死亡,所有十方之各族各種企鵝,一體適用!!

還掛著一篇聖諭
Tux the Linux penguin

Even people who have never used Linux have probably seen Tux, the penguin mascot of this open-source operating system. Tux was the result of a competition held by the Open Source Software community to find a mascot for Linux. In the forums Linus Torvalds, Finnish creator of Linux, mentioned an encounter he had had with a penguin at Canberra’s National Zoo and Aquarium. Linus claims that he was bitten by a penguin and because of that he was supposedly infected with a disease called “Penguinitis”. This disease caused him to become fixated with penguins.

以及誓言支援拯救袋獾運動的 Tuz

─── 摘自《Tux@rpi ︰ 《學而堯曰》

 

所以有樹莓派的出現, Raspbian 之集結︰

 

raspbian_logo

Welcome to Raspbian

Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your Raspberry Pi run. However, Raspbian provides more than a pure OS: it comes with over 35,000 packages, pre-compiled software bundled in a nice format for easy installation on your Raspberry Pi.

The initial build of over 35,000 Raspbian packages, optimized for best performance on the Raspberry Pi, was completed in June of 2012. However, Raspbian is still under active development with an emphasis on improving the stability and performance of as many Debian packages as possible.

Note: Raspbian is not affiliated with the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Raspbian was created by a small, dedicated team of developers that are fans of the Raspberry Pi hardware, the educational goals of the Raspberry Pi Foundation and, of course, the Debian Project.

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樹莓派教主在 ITPRO 雜誌訪談裡娓娓道來,這又是新的一天!!!

Eben Upton Q&A: we meet the inventor of the Raspberry Pi 3

ebenupton

We talk Linux vs BSD, a maker revolution, and a 45-second conversation that changed his life

Eben Upton has started something of a revolution. The 37-year-old Cambridge graduate is the mastermind behind the Raspberry Pi, a $35 (£27) micro-computer that has jump-started a cottage industry of hobbyists, makers and tinkerers. The Raspberry Pi has been in everything, from retro games consoles to weather balloons. They’ve even been into space!

We sat down with Eben Upton at the launch of the Raspberry Pi 3, to talk about the Pi’s journey so far, and where he sees it going in the future.

……

Why did you opt for Linux over Windows?

We didn’t have a lot of choice early on. There weren’t a lot of options; it would have largely boiled down to the choice between a BSD family operating system or a Linux family operating system.

We were more familiar with the Linux kernel than we were with any of the BSD variants, that’s what drew us to it. Subsequently, a bunch of BSD variants have appeared for Raspberry Pi, which is awesome.

We’re still very keen on proving a desktop experience, and Windows 10 IoT is not a desktop system, it’s a headed system, and it has a display, but it’s not running a shell. Therefore, Linux was our best choice, even in this generation, for the default operating system.

Can you see future with a Windows-enabled Raspberry Pi?

That’s a question for Microsoft really. I would welcome it, I would love to see it, and I think there are various challenges associated with actually making that happen, but yeah, it’d be lovely if it did happen.

I think that what we are likely to see is a thin client, because it’s a halfway house, right? We’ve got some great work going with Citrix at the moment around virtual desktop infrastructure. Their client software runs extremely well on Raspberry Pi, they’ve done some work on it, some of their partners have done some work on it.

There’s a company called ThinLinx, based out of Australia, who do a very nice packaged version of the Pi, with a pre-installed version of the Citrix client. So I think you may see that, where you have an X06 Blade somewhere in a datacenter running your operating system, and you’re just a thin client for that. I actually think the Pi’s pretty competitive in that space, I think the Pi’s got some real advantages versus the incumbents, so it’d be nice to see.

How much of the team’s work on the Raspberry Pi is driven by the community?

I think it’s all driven by feedback from the community. Why have we got Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on there? There’s an awful lot of people plugging Wi-Fi and Bluetooth dongles into Pis. That sends an incredibly strong signal to us from the community that that’s something they want. Obviously, the extra processing power, well, everyone wants that.

And then, the 64-bit is I guess the closest we’ve come to a feature which is kind of a standalone. Like, nobody’s really asking us for 64-bit, and with this release, we’re not even majoring on the 64-bit. It’s a thing that’s nice to have there, and it’s something that came along as part of a bundle with some things that we needed.

Do you think the current hobby computing boom is going to keep going, or fizzle out?

I hope it’s going to continue to grow. I think that there’s been a general renaissance – a sustainable renaissance – in the notion of making. And that can apply to woodwork and knitting as much as it applies to computing.

So I think that the zeitgeist is now very compatible with what we’re trying to do. And of course, that could change, but I think this feels like it could be a permanent change in the way that we think about the level of affluence across our society. We have a lot of differences in levels of affluence, but across society, lots of people are at a level of affluence where they can indulge some of these interests. I’m hopeful.

There’s been a recent retro computing boom, as evidenced by the reappearance of devices such as the ZX Spectrum and the BBC Micro. Do you feel that the Pi is responsible for this?

I wouldn’t say responsible, but I think what we’ve done is we’ve demonstrated that this sort of thing is feasible, that if you have a small team of bright people, you can do surprising stuff.

I’m looking forward to getting my hands on a little Vega Plus! This whole retro thing, I like it, and it’s interesting that kids actually quite like the retro thing.

We do a lot of work with the Computer History Museum in Cambridge and they get kids in, they put them in front of old machines – they have a lab which is fifty per cent Raspberry Pis and fifty per cent BBC Micros. And the kids love them both. They really do.

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輕。鬆。學。部落客