且問達摩為何往見梁武帝？

天上明月祇一輪，千江有水千江月，非是明月入江照，卻因千江水映月。自然自為自是天，遮天霧霾非天暗，一旦無雲萬里天，可見可現是可觀。也就是說︰觀『映』『現』的情貌，就是觀『自心』之緣由，明此『緣由』的原故，方能明『己性』所『從來』。所以明心見性實自映自觀，故不必別立文字。

那要如何看待『無量』或是『無窮』的呢？東方莊子講︰『至大』無『外』，『至小』無『內』。西方古有『整體』與『部份之和』比較的議論︰一般來說整體事物假使由『有限』的部份組成，這樣對『那個整體』的某種『量』── 比方講重量 ── ，的度量，該是對各個『組成部份』度量之量的『和』。或許古人早就知道，這個說法未必能『適用』於『質』的『比較』。

─── 摘自《千江有水千江月》

 

理念不合說何事？？『福德』能是『功德』乎！

不知秋 解了悟？知了聲聲催 心！

在《千江有水千江月》一文中，我們談過『禪宗初祖』達摩︰

欲知達摩西來意？達摩血脈論說：吾本來此土，傳法救迷情，一華開五葉，結果自然成。它預示著禪宗六祖慧能在成佛後，會帶出多位弟子，將創立五個宗派，後世之佛教徒多以『教外別傳、不立文字』為達摩『禪法』的標誌。此一宗五脈的世系是︰初祖達摩 、二祖慧可、三祖僧璨、四祖道信、五祖弘忍和六祖惠能。世系起於達摩所留之一隻『草鞋』，『認可』二祖『傳法』慧可之始。

，既然『不立文字』那將如何傳法的呢？或說『直指人心』，見性成佛。這個『見』字有一段著名的『公案』︰

《指月錄》卷二十八

▲吉州青原惟信禪師

上堂。老僧三十年前。未參禪時。見山是山。見水是水。及至後來親見知識。有個入處。見山不是山。見水不是水。而今得個休歇處  。依前見山祇是山。見水祇是水。大眾。這三般見解。是同是別。有人緇素得出。許汝親見老僧(更參三十年迥無入處在)。

這個六個『見』字，由於『山』『水』對舉，該說『三個』，是『同義』的嗎？比方講，那位蘇東坡寫了一首

《觀潮》

廬山煙雨浙江潮，
未到千般恨不消。
到得還來別無事，
廬山煙雨浙江潮。

， 講『未到』之『聽』『觀』與『到得』的『親』『觀』不同，試問那景緻會變了嗎？也許『觀』者之『心』『情』已然境遷的了！還有那『遠望』山似『枕』，『蟻 觀』枕如『山』，之『遠近』之別，更別說有人方與一代巨星『鄧麗君』之『3D 全像投影』合唱的哩！！所以老子說︰名可名，非常名。試想『無水之河』空有河名 ，滄海已成桑田，又何必『曾是』的呢？？所以『眼看』有如『 Camera 』。『心見』宛如『 Recognition 』，這一個『了別』之『心』的科學尚且方將起步，或許果真『色』『空』不二的耶！！也許『話頭禪法』一但離開『契入』，就容易生起『執著』之心，那就『機鋒』盡失的嘍︰

▲漳州保福本權禪師

黃山谷初有所入。問晦堂。此中誰可與語。堂曰。漳州權。師方督役開田。山谷同晦堂往。致問曰。直歲還知露柱生兒麼。師曰。是男是女。黃擬議。師揮之。堂謂曰。不得無禮。師曰。這木頭。不打更待何時。黃大笑　上堂。舉寒山偈曰。吾心似秋月。碧潭清皎潔。無物堪比倫。教我如何說。老僧即不然。吾心似燈籠。點火內外紅。有物堪比倫。來朝日出東。傳者以為笑。死心和尚見之歎曰 。權兄提唱若此。誠不負先師所付囑也。

，故知『傳燈』

又稱傳燈錄。指記載禪宗世系傳法緣起之著作。意謂以 法傳人，有如燈火相傳輾轉不絕。 

之不易。

─── 摘自《《派生》 Python 作坊【庚】話頭機鋒》

 

既然『菩提』無得『見』？？豈不『煩惱』度此『生』！！

因是

全球暖化

全球暖化（英語：global warming），或稱全球變暖，指的是在一段時間中，地球的大氣和海洋因溫室效應而造成溫度上升的氣候變化現象，為公地悲劇之一，而其所造成的效應稱之為全球暖化效應。

在1906至2005年間，全球平均接近地面的大氣層溫度上升了攝氏0.74度。^[1]普遍來說，科學界發現過去50年可觀察的氣候改變的速度是過去100年的雙倍，因此推論該時期的氣候改變是由人類活動所推動。^[1]

二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量不斷增加。^[2]正是全球暖化的人為因素中主要部分。據資料顯示^[3] ，大氣中一氧化二氮（N₂O)的含量比18世紀中草（1750年）工業革命開始從275ppbv增加到310ppbv，二氧化碳（CO₂）的含量從280ppmv增加到360ppmv，甲烷（CH₄）從700ppbv增加到1720ppbv，這些增長趨勢主要緣於人類的活動。燃燒化石燃料、清理林木和耕作等都增強了溫室效應。自從1950年，太陽輻射的變化與火山活動所產生的變暖效果比人類所排放的溫室氣體的還要高。^[4][5]這些結論得到30多個來自九大工業國家的研究團體所確認。^[6][7]

美國賓州大學的科學家在夏威夷的茂納羅亞峰上設立4個7米高和一個27米高的採樣塔，每小時採樣4次，分析二氧化碳的變化情況。（如右圖）^[8][9]

目前全球平均溫度的變化，二氧化碳濃度的變化與氣溫上升，實際上並沒有直接的關係，從工業革命開始，二氧化碳的含量急劇增加，雖然植物的光合作用吸收了很大一部分二氧化碳，海洋也溶解一部分二氧化碳並固定成碳酸鈣，但空氣中二氧化碳的含量還是逐步增加。根據美國維吉尼亞大學和英國東安格里亞大學聯合研究的結果，在進入20世紀後半葉，全球溫度上升的趨勢非常明顯，溫度變化情況見下圖。

全球性的溫度增量帶來包括海平面上升和降雨量及降雪量在數額上和樣式上的變化。這些變動也許促使極端氣候（extreme weather）事件更強更頻繁，譬如洪水、旱災、熱浪、颶風和龍捲風。除此之外，還有其它後果，包括更高或更低的農產量、冰河撤退、夏天時河流流量減少、物種消失及疾病肆虐。預計全球暖化所因致事件的數量和強度；但是很難把這些特殊事件連接到全球暖化。因為二氧化碳在大氣中有50年到200年的壽命^[10]，很多研究集中在2100年或之前的時間。但是無論氣候變化的成因或結果為何，許多人是非常關心的；而且對於應付預言後果的政策應該如何實施，引起了全球廣泛的政治爭論、公開辯論及各種學術研究。這些政策討論重點是應該減少還是扭轉未來的暖化及怎麼應付預計的後果。

命名法則

原則上，「全球暖化」一詞對成因持中立觀點，但是根據大眾的用法，「全球暖化」意味著人類對環境的影響。^[11][12]其他組織則使用「人為的氣候改變」（anthropogenic climate change）代表人為因素導致的改變。

成因

氣候系統的改變來自自然或內部運作及對外來力量的改變作出的反應。這些外來力量包括了人為與非人為因素，譬如太陽活動、火山活動及溫室氣體。多名氣候學家同意地球近年來已經變暖。近代氣候轉變的成因仍然是活躍的研究範疇，但是科學界的共識指出溫室氣體是全球暖化的主因。可是，科學界外仍然對此結論有爭議。不過暖化的主要因素是太陽輻射線增強，及地球已在適居線邊緣，溫室氣體只占其中的一小部分。

在地球大氣層排放二氧化碳及甲烷， 而其他情況不變下，會促使地面升溫，溫室氣體產生天然的溫室效應。如果沒有它，地球溫度會比現在低攝氏30度，使地球不適合人類居住。因此，在支持與反對 這套變暖理論之間爭辯是不正確的，反而應該側重於大氣層中二氧化碳及甲烷含量的增加所產生的最終效果，什麼時候應該促進或什麼時候才同意使之緩和。

舉一個重要的回饋過程的例子，就是冰反照率回饋。大氣層中增加二氧化碳暖化了地球表面，導致兩極冰塊溶解。陸地與開放水域便佔據更多的地方。兩者比冰的反射還要少，所以吸收了更多太陽輻射。這樣使變暖加劇，到頭來促使更多冰塊溶化，循環不斷持續。

因為地球的熱力慣性與對其他間接效應的緩慢反應，地球現今的氣候在不斷增加的溫室氣體下變得不平衡。氣候行為研究指出，縱使溫室氣體維持現今的水平，全球平均溫度可能仍然會上升攝氏0.5至1度。

 

真相各有所圖？？！！事實議論紛紛！！？？

Global warming

Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system and its related effects.^[2][3] Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming.^[4][5][6] Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere.^[7][a] Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.^[8]

Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014, that “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.” ^[9] Human activities have led to carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.^[10] Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for the highest emissions scenario.^[11] These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations^[12][b] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.^[14]

Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe.^[15][16] Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics.^[17] Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall with floods and heavy snowfall;^[18] ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to rising sea levels.^[19][20] Because the climate system has a large “inertia” and greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for a long time, many of these effects will not only exist for decades or centuries, but will persist for tens of thousands of years.^[21]

Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),^[22] whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.^[23] Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required^[24] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to pre-industrial levels, with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).^[26]

Public reactions to global warming and concern about its effects are also increasing. A global 2015 Pew Research Center report showed a median of 54% consider it “a very serious problem”. There are significant regional differences, with Americans and Chinese (whose economies are responsible for the greatest annual CO₂ emissions) among the least concerned.^[27]

 

如人飲水者耶☆

Climate

Summary

The goal of this project is to provide climate data and analysis in computable form (in terms of IPython Notebooks). Part of our goal is to reproduce graphs and results from literature. Ultimately we would like to start from the raw data (e.g. from temperature stations, satellites, ice cores and other measurements) and provide the analysis in a notebook, so that anyone can easily rerun it and see exactly how the final results and graphs were obtained from original data.

Preview the IPython Notebooks

If you just want to see the notebooks, the best way is to preview them with the links below. When you’re ready to develop or run the code yourself, pull the source for this GitHub repository and execute the notebooks on your own machine.

• Satellite Temperature (RSS)
• Satellite Temperature (RSS) maps
• Berkeley Fit
• Temperature Data
• Sea Ice Index
• Sea Ice Index Arctic
• Temperature Fits Reproduction
• Sea Level Trend New York City

Motivation

The motivation for this work is the following:

• Reproduce graphs and results from literature.
• Provide notebooks that anyone can easily rerun to reproduce all our results exactly (including all the graphs).
• Provide a “pipeline”, that takes raw data and calculates final results, so that anyone can easily see what exact analysis was done.
• Let the data speak for itself, we try hard not to “jump to conclusions” (or have “leaps of faith”), that does not strictly (scientifically) follow from the data.
• Following Feynman’s “never trust the experts“, we want anybody to form his or her opinion about the issue, and this project might help by doing the hard work (of getting the data, understanging it, analysing it and calculating results/graphs), that one has to do anyway in order to understand the issues. By the nature of the process, the analysis can be wrong, but by making all the analysis public in a computable form, it can be discussed, improved or dismissed.
• In particular (as implied by the previous points), we try to strictly only include analysis that is scientifically agreed upon and undisputed, or if that is not possible, to provide all possible weaknesses of the given approach.

Please send us ideas for improvements (for example you can open a GitHub issue or send us an email) or send a GitHub pull request (even better :).

License

All files (notebooks, Python code) are licensed under MIT license, see the LICENSE for more information. The data directory contains files that were downloaded from various sources and they are covered by their own respective licenses.