勇闖新世界︰ 《 pyDatalog 》 導引《五》

當人們在『夢中』喃喃自語,人們真的說了些什麼嗎?若是講有人『記下』了『夢中』所憶︰

pi@raspberrypi ~ python3 Python 3.2.3 (default, Mar  1 2013, 11:53:50)  [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>  >>>  >>> from pyDatalog import pyDatalog >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('T萬物, 有力, 長生') >>> +有力('聖人', '能力') >>> +有力('大盜', '能力') >>> 長生(T萬物, '難死') <= 有力(T萬物, '能力') 長生(T萬物,'難死') <= 有力(T萬物,'能力') >>> print(長生(T萬物,'難死')) T萬物 --- 聖人  大盜  >>> print(有力(T萬物,'能力')) T萬物 --- 大盜  聖人  >>> >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('有死') >>> pyDatalog.create_terms('定律') >>> 定律(T萬物, '會死') <= 有死(T萬物, '人') 定律(T萬物,'會死') <= 有死(T萬物,'人') >>> +有死('聖人', '人') >>> +有死('大盜', '人') >>> print(有死(T萬物,'人')) T萬物 --- 聖人  大盜  >>> print(定律(T萬物,'會死')) T萬物 --- 大盜  聖人  >>> >>> print((有死(T萬物, '人')) & ~(定律(T萬物, '會死')))  [] >>> >>> print((T萬物 == '聖人') & ~(定律(T萬物, '會死'))) [] >>> print((T萬物 == '大盜') & ~(定律(T萬物, '會死'))) [] >>> print((定律('聖人', '會死')) & ~(定律('大盜', '會死')))  [] >>></pre>    那麼是否應該『設想』他可能『證明』了『聖人不死,大盜不止』的呢?然後在考察『邏輯』之後,『認同』他真的……的耶??  也許與『清醒』的人談論『真、假』以及『是、非』都未必可信,那又將怎麽說那『夢中』之事?真的有誰知此『夢』會不會是一個『夢中之夢』!還不曉那人哪時方將『醒來』的哩!!雖說你不能『證明』上帝『存在』,那你能說祂『不存在』的嗎?反之你不能『證明』上帝『不存在』,那你就能說祂『存在』的耶??此所以<span style="color: #ff9900;">《<a href="http://cls.hs.yzu.edu.tw/hlm/read/text/text.asp"><span style="color: #ff9900;">紅樓夢</span></a>》講︰世間事終難定。</span>因為『<a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?p=1969">時間矛盾</a>』早已經在那裡了 ,這又與『知或不知』有什麼關係的呢?於是『邏輯』與『宇宙』的關係到底是什麼??!!也許真正困惑的是『人世間』正在追求之『價值』的方向的吧!!??  有的人以疏落的觀點看待『語言』,認為『凡是可以詮釋的現象,都是大自然之言說』。如是一沙一石皆有所說,更別講鳥語花香,以至於『動物語言』的哩!這樣的人是否更容易了解『程式語言』的呢?也有人以嚴格之想法處理『語言』,認為『只有人類的語言才能稱得上言語』。因此海豚雖可溝通,卻不會講話,動物吼叫聲除了警示意謂,了無它意,若說到花草的榮枯根本毫無意義的勒!這樣的人是否更容易了解『程式語言』的嗎?那麼什麼是『語言』的呢?什麼又是『程式語言』的哩?假使給個『定義』是否就能將之釐定清楚,大家都講同家話的耶!考之於歷史,此事希望渺茫,難保不正因這種『多樣性』開拓了視野,加深了認識的嗎??也許還是多些『兩極對話』的好!!談到理解一個『程式語言』 <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language">Programming language</a></h1> A <b>programming language</b> is a <a title="Formal language" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language">formal</a> <a title="Constructed language" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language">constructed language</a> designed to communicate <a class="mw-redirect" title="Machine instruction" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_instruction">instructions</a> to a <a title="Machine" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine">machine</a>, particularly a <a title="Computer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer">computer</a>. Programming languages can be used to create <a title="Program (machine)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_%28machine%29">programs</a> to control the behavior of a machine or to express <a title="Algorithm" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">algorithms</a>.  就是藉著一般『語言』的『共同性』以及『特殊性』,明白它的『符號』、『詞彙』、『文法』、『語義』,達於『能用』『善用 』之成果。或許說『分別心』易生『偏見』,卻也易見『差別』;『平等心』容易『概括』,卻也容易『失察』。既然同屬『一心』 ,歸之『一人』,何不使其能『和』,『統合』運用的呢?!  <span style="color: #808000;">假使有人曾經效法</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">《 <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?m=20150620"><span style="color: #808000;">M♪o 之學習筆記本《辰》組元︰【䷖】消息盈虛</span></a>》文本中的</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">M♪o 的『向學之法』,</span>  <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/%E7%94%9F.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-32797" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/%E7%94%9F.png" alt="生" width="48" height="48" /></a> <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>生</strong></span>︰多次閱讀 Christophe Delord 之  <span style="color: #808080;">Toy Parser Generator</span> <span style="color: #808080;">or</span> <span style="color: #808080;">How to easily write parsers in Python</span>  文件,深感欲明白這個『玩具般』的語法分析產生器之實務,除了必須精通『<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F">正規表示式</a>』 Regular Expression ,還得了解『派生三』 Python3 的 re『萬國碼』 Unicode 之用法。因而詢之學長,告知了兩篇《 <a href="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/網.gif"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-33767" src="http://www.freesandal.org/wp-content/uploads/網.gif" alt="網" width="22" height="44" /></a> 》網文︰ <h2><a href="http://www.python-course.eu/re.php">Regular Expressions</a></h2>    <img class="imgright" src="http://www.python-course.eu/images/RE.png" alt="Text with RE" />  The aim of this chapter of our Python tutorial is to present a detailed led and descriptive introduction into regular expressions. This introduction will explain the theoretical aspects of regular expressions and will show you how to use them in Python scripts.  The term "regular expression", sometimes also called regex or regexp, is originated in theoretical computer science. In theoretical computer science they are used to define a language family with certain characteristics, the so-called regular languages. A finite state machine (FSM), which accept language defined by a regular expression, exists for every regular expression. We have an implementation of (<a href="http://www.python-course.eu/finite_state_machine.php">Finite State Machine in Python</a>),  Regular Expressions are used in programming languages to filter texts or textstrings. It's possible to check, if a text or a string matches a regular expression.  There is an aspect of regular expressions which shouldn't go unmentioned: The syntax of regular expressions is the same for all programming and script languages, e.g. Python, Perl, Java, SED, AWK and even X#.  …… <h2><a href="http://www.python-course.eu/python3_re_advanced.php">Advanced Regular Expressions</a></h2> <h3>Introduction</h3> <img class="imgright" src="http://www.python-course.eu/images/stairs_green_fog.jpg" alt="stairway to success with Python" />  In our <a href="http://www.python-course.eu/re.php">introduction to regular expressions</a> of our tutorial we have covered the basic basic principles of regular expressions. We have shown, what the simplest regular expression looks like. We have also learnt, how to use regular expressions in Python by using the search() and the match() methods of the re module. The concept of formulating and using character classes should be well known by now, as well as the predefined character classes like \d, \D, \s, \S, and so on. You should have learnt how to match the beginning and the end of a string with a regular expression. You should know the special meaning of the question mark to make items optional. We have also introduced the quantifiers to repeat characters and groups arbitrarily or in certain ranges.  You should also be familiar with the use of grouping and the syntax and usage of back references.  Furthermore, we had explained the match objects of the re module and the information they contain and how to retrieve this information by using the methods span(), start(), end(), and group().  The introduction ended with a comprehensive example in Python.  In this chapter we will continue with our explanations of the syntax of the regular expressions. We will also explain further methods of the Python module re. E.g. how to find all the matched substrings of a regular expression. A task which needs programming in other programming languages like Perl or Java, but can be dealt with the call of one method of the re module of Python. So far, we only know how to define a choice of characters with a character class. We will demonstrate in this chapter of our tutorial, how to formulate alternations of substrings.  ……  <span style="color: #808000;">她是否早能『<a href="http://www.freesandal.org/?m=20150616"><span style="color: #808000;">以杞包瓜</span></a>』,足以總結『pyDatalog』語言概論的呢?可以說明這個語言中的各種概念事項︰</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 原子 Atom</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 述詞 Predicate</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 語項 Term</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 常元 Constant</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 變元 Variable</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ + 事實 |  - 事實</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 句法︰ u <= p1 & p2 & p3 …</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧ 算術與邏輯表達式</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">‧…</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">之『所指』以及『語義』的了!</span>  <span style="color: #808000;">這樣的她是否發現,一般的『邏輯論證』轉換成『pyDatalog』程式 ,實際需要下番功夫!能夠解釋『set([()])』到底是指什麼的呢!!</span>    <pre class="lang:sh decode:true">pi@raspberrypi ~ python3
Python 3.2.3 (default, Mar  1 2013, 11:53:50) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pyDatalog import pyDatalog
>>> pyDatalog.create_terms('是人, 有死, 非人, 無死')
>>> +是人('蘇格拉底')
>>> pyDatalog.ask("是人('蘇格拉底')") == set([()])
True
>>> pyDatalog.create_terms('I萬物')
>>> 有死(I萬物) <= 是人(I萬物)
有死(I萬物) <= 是人(I萬物)
>>> print(有死(I萬物))
I萬物 
----
蘇格拉底
>>> pyDatalog.ask("有死('蘇格拉底')") == set([()])
True
>>> 非人(I萬物) <= ~是人(I萬物)
非人(I萬物) <= ~是人(I萬物)
>>> 無死(I萬物) <= ~有死(I萬物)
無死(I萬物) <= ~有死(I萬物)
>>> pyDatalog.ask("無死('蘇格拉底')") == set([()])
False
>>> pyDatalog.ask("非人('蘇格拉底')") == set([()])
False
>>> +非人('砂石')
>>> pyDatalog.ask("非人('砂石')") == set([()])
True
>>> 無死(I萬物) <= 非人(I萬物)
無死(I萬物) <= 非人(I萬物)
>>> pyDatalog.ask("無死('砂石')") == set([()])
True
>>> pyDatalog.ask("有死('蘇格拉底')") == set([()])
True
>>> 

 

 

她會但思且讀一代大哲之諄諄遺音?

讀經示要》序‧熊十力

讀經問題,民初以來,常起伏於一般人之腦際,而紛無定論。余雖念此問題之重要,而無暇及此。且世既如斯,言之無益,不如其已 。去年責及門諸子讀經,諸子興難。余爲筆語答之,懼口說易忘也 。初提筆時,只欲作一短文,不意寫來感觸漸多,遂成一書。六經究萬有之原,而言天道。天道真常,在人爲性,此剋就人言之耳。在物爲命。此言命者有二義:一、流行曰命。言天道流行,至健而無息也。二、物所受曰命。物稟天道而生,即一一物皆天道呈顯。不可說天道超脫萬有而獨在也。此中言物,亦攝人。言命,亦即性命以所受,言性,謂人物所以生之理。言異而其實一也。性命之理明,而人生不陷於虛妄矣。第一講首釋道。順常道而起治化,則群變萬端,畢竟不失貞常。通萬變而不可易者,仁也。知變而不知常,人類無寧日也。今世列強,社會與政治上之改革,與機械之發明,可謂變動不居矣。然人類日習於兇殘狡詐,強者吞弱,智者侵愚,殺機日熾,將有人類自毀之憂。而昏亂之群,復不思自存自立之道,且以其私圖,而自傷同氣,尤爲可憫。蓋今之人皆習於不仁,即失其所以爲人之常道,宜其相殘無已也。第一講以九義明治化,通萬變而貞於大常,實六經之撮要。大學三綱八目,總括群經。三綱八目,範圍天地之化而不過,曲成萬物而不遺。此爲常道不可易。儒行十有五儒 ,歸本仁道。行不一,而同於仁。仁,常道也。凡此,皆爲第一講所提揭 。經爲常道,庶幾無疑。夫常道者,萬變所自出也。本書道字,略有二義:一、謂宇宙本體,乃萬化之原也。二、謂凡事理之當然,通古今中外而無可或易者。亦名常道。如大學三綱八目,立內聖外王之極則。由此而體道,由此而修學 ,由此而致治,由此而位天地,育萬物,贊化育。此便是當然。不可異此而別有道 。天下言道者,或有從事明明德,而不務新民與止至善,是佛家小乘也。大乘誓度衆生,而以人間世爲生死海,只求度脫,而無齊治平之盛業,吾儒之外道也。致知而疏於格物,宋、明學有遺憾也。格物而不務致良知,即難言誠正,西學未立大本也。大學爲常道無可疑。又如儒行十五,總不外己立立人,己達達人。此亦是當然 。若不務立達,便自暴自棄,而不可爲人矣。又如革故創新,必行之以至公至明至誠至信,是變動之必本常道也。不能公明誠信而言革新,則失常道,自取亂亡而已 。略舉三例,餘可推知。然道字之義雖有二,而第二義實依第一義以立,究竟無二也 。天地密移矣,天地大物也,世俗見爲恒存。其實,諸天與員輿,刻刻移其故而新生。參看新唯識論。而所以成其清寧者,未有改移也。老子云:「天得一以清,地得一以寧。」一者,絕對義,謂常道也。天曰清,地曰寧,皆以其德性言也。天地由道而成,道則真常而無可改移也。人事屢遷矣,群變萬端,不可勝窮 。而幹濟必本公誠焉,無可苟渝也。當變革之任,而不公不誠,未有能立事而不亂亡者。公誠,常道也。事勢萬變,而事之成,必由常道。一國之事如此,國際尤然。死生誠大變矣,而存順歿寧之理,誰云可變。人皆稟道而爲性命。其存也,必順保性命之正,而無或罔。其歿也,乃全其性命,而無餘憾。故張子云:「存順歿寧。」是故學術千途萬轍,必會歸常道,而後爲至。知不極乎知常,知常亦云見道。只是知識,而不足言一切智智。一切智智 ,借用佛典名詞。若泛釋之,亦可云最高的智慧。老氏曰:「不知常。妄作凶。」不見道者。徇私欲而滅天理,所作皆迷妄,故凶。斯篤論也。夫不悟常道,則萬物何由始,人極何由立,萬事何由貞,皆其智之所不及也。學不究其原,理不窮其至,知不會其通,則未能立大本以宰百爲,體大常而御萬變。則未能三字,一氣貫下。欲免於妄作之凶,其可得乎 ? 第一講,直明經爲常道,以經明示常道故,遂言經爲常道。無時可離,無地可離,無人可離。奈何吾國後生,自棄寶物,不肯是究。嗟爾違常 ,云胡不思。第二講,言治經態度。必遠流俗,必戒孤陋。尚志以立基 ,砭名以固志。持以三畏,然後志定而足以希聖。聖者道全德備 ,而大通無礙。故讀經希聖,非可專固自封也。今當融貫中西,平章漢、宋。上下數千年學術源流得失,略加論定。由是尋晚周之遺軌 ,辟當代之弘基,定將來之趨向,庶幾經術可明,而大道其昌矣 。第三講,略說六經大義。仲尼祖述堯、舜,憲章文、武。其發明內聖外王之道,莫妙于大易、春秋。詩、書、禮、樂,皆與二經相羽翼 。此講特詳二經。二經通,而餘經亦可通也。議者或謂余實以新論說經,新論,具云新唯識論。是固然矣。夫易、春秋雖並稱,而漢人相傳,易爲五經之源,比春秋尤尊矣。惜乎漢師亂以術數,宋儒略於思辨 。宋學注重體認,于人生日用踐履間,修養工夫最緊切。修養深,而私欲盡,真體現,即真理不待外索,而炯然自識。孔子謂之默識,宋儒說爲體認。佛氏亦云自證 。余嘗謂先哲尚體認,而西哲精思辨。體認自是哲學之極詣,然若忽略思辨,則不得無病。宋學終不免拘滯偏枯等病,由於忽略思辨工夫,而其道未宏也。易道晦塞二千餘年。余造新論,自信於羲皇神悟之畫,尼山幽贊之文,冥搜密察,遠承玄旨。真理昭然天地間。悟者同悟,迷者自迷。余非敢以己意說經,實以所悟,證之於經而無不合。豈忍自陷誣經謗聖之罪哉? 如上三講,結集成書。肇始於六十攬揆之辰,畢事于寇迫桂、黔之日。甲申正初起草,迄秋冬之際而畢。念罔極而哀悽,痛生人之迷亂。空山夜雨,悲來輒不可抑。斗室晨風,興至恒有所悟。上天以斯文屬余,遭時屯難,余忍無述?嗚呼,作人不易,爲學實難。吾衰矣,有志三代之英,恨未登乎大道。言未能登斯世于大道也。用顧寧人語。不忘百姓之病,徒自托於空言。天下後世讀是書者,其有憐余之志,而補吾不逮者乎?

中華民囯三十四年乙酉六月望日皇岡熊十力識於陪都北碚火燄山麓中國哲學研究所籌備處