若問一台美金五元的計算機和 M♪o 的教育理念有什麼關係？那或是『教具』開發與運用的先河！這也正是《卡夫卡村》的『教具室』成立之目的。

近日閱讀 Forbes/Tech

Could Raspberry Pi Zero Be Pivotal To Open Source IOT ?

 

心中頗有感觸。心想也許有些讀者還不知道，到底什麼是 PiZero ？？特此引用 Adafruit 之詳細介紹文本︰

A Tour of the Pi Zero

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或可知其面貌乎。也可讀讀

Raspberry Pi: Top 18 projects to try yourself

The best projects to try with the Raspberry Pi Zero

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嘗試發現各種應用的想法！！

假使從『Input Process Output 』 IPO 的觀點來看 ──

一個具有計算功能的箱子

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Computation

Computation is any type of calculation^[1][2] that follows a well-defined model understood and expressed as, for example, an algorithm, or a protocol.

The study of computation is paramount to the discipline of computer science.

Classification

Computation can be classified by mainly three unique criteria: digital versus analog, sequential versus parallel versus concurrent, batch versus interactive.

In practice, digital computation aids simulation of natural processes (for example, evolutionary computation), including those that are naturally described by analog models of computation (for example, artificial neural network).

Comparison to calculation

Calculation is a term for the computation of numbers, while computation is a wider reaching term for information processing in general.

Physical phenomenon

A computation can be seen as a purely physical phenomenon occurring inside a closed physical system called a computer. Examples of such physical systems include digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, analog computers or wetware computers. This point of view is the one adopted by the branch of theoretical physics called the physics of computation.

An even more radical point of view is the postulate of digital physics that the evolution of the universe itself is a computation – pancomputationalism.

Mathematical models

In the theory of computation, a diversity of mathematical models of computers have been developed. Typical mathematical models of computers are the following:

• State models including Turing machine, pushdown automaton, finite state automaton, and PRAM
• Functional models including lambda calculus
• Logical models including logic programming
• Concurrent models including actor model and process calculi

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又誰能知它只可做些什麼的呢！！？？

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

即將結束這個【專題】，有些讀者也許會覺得

怎麼還沒談多少『 GEM 』語言的詞彙與程式就 END 耶？？！！

其實正因為 Pd 的程式環境很適合『自學自習』，作者曾經也是本著『遊戲精神』去玩玩弄弄，並且在探索『箱子』之過程中得到了許多的『發現樂趣 』。因此很希望讀者能夠親嚐親驗，一如

Jessica Trybus 女士所寫的

Game-Based Learning: What it is, Why it Works, and Where it’s Going

• Categorized in: NMI White Papers

Deconstruct the fun in any good game, and it becomes clear that what makes it enjoyable is the built-in learning process.

To progress in a game is to learn; when we are actively engaged with a game, our minds are experiencing the pleasure of grappling with (and coming to understand) a new system. This is true whether the game is considered “entertainment” (e.g., World of Warcraft) or “serious” (e.g., an FAA-approved flight simulator).

The implications of delivering game experiences for education and training are enormous. In the US, nearly 170 million people played computer and videogames in 2008 , spending a record $11.7 billion . Harness the power of well-designed games to achieve specific learning goals, and the result is a workforce of highly motivated learners who avidly engage with and practice applying problem-solving skills.

Because of good game design, more than 11 million subscribers spend an average of 23 hours per week immersed in World of Warcraft. A growing core of game-based learning experts use the same design principles to make it compelling for surgical students to practice and hone proper laparoscopic techniques on a virtual patient , or inspire first responders to frequently rehearse and sharpen their training in a simulated hazardous materials emergency . The emerging truth: the same factors that make well-designed games highly motivating also make them ideal learning environments.

What is Effective Game-based Learning, and Why Does it Work?

When education or training feels dull, we are not being engaged and motivated. In other words, we’re not really learning. “Learning” doesn’t mean rote memorization—it means acquiring the skills and thought processes needed to respond appropriately under pressure, in a variety of situations.

We don’t need more time in the classroom to learn how to think and perform in the face of real-world challenges. We need effective, interactive experiences that motivate and actively engage us in the learning process. This is where game-based learning comes in. As it turns out, for many years, videogame designers have been producing and refining highly motivating learning environments for their players to enjoy.

Good game-based learning applications can draw us into virtual environments that look and feel familiar and relevant. According to Dr. Susan Ambrose, director of Carnegie Mellon’s Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence, this is motivational because we can quickly see and understand the connection between the learning experience and our real-life work.

Within an effective game-based learning environment, we work toward a goal, choosing actions and experiencing the consequences of those actions along the way. We make mistakes in a risk-free setting, and through experimentation, we actively learn and practice the right way to do things. This keeps us highly engaged in practicing behaviors and thought processes that we can easily transfer from the simulated environment to real life. Research supports the effectiveness of game-based learning in virtual environments—for example, according to a meta-analysis of flight simulator training effectiveness, simulators combined with aircraft training consistently produced training improvements compared to aircraft-only training .

In contrast, traditional, passive training approaches drill us on certain narrow procedures, and then evaluate us on our memory of what we were told. Even when we successfully retain the lesson’s facts and procedures, our behavior in true-to-life situations remains untested. In addition, even the most comprehensive training program cannot cover procedures for every complex eventuality that we will encounter—no matter how thick the binder is. In game-based environments, we learn not only the facts, but also the important, underlying hows and whys. This understanding of deeper, more abstract principles prepares us to perform consistently and effectively, even in new and unexpected situations.

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文本所言︰『享受挑戰』。若是旅途上還可自主的發掘材料，品味理解後閱讀之喜悅，終將成為一獨立學習之學習者乎！！？？

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

認識你自己（ γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnothi seauton)），相傳是刻在德爾斐的阿波羅神廟的三句箴言之一，也是其中最有名的一句。另外兩句是「你是」（Ἑγγύα πάρα δ’ἄτη ）和「毋過」（μηδεν αγαν）。或說這句話出自古希臘七賢之一、斯巴達的喀隆（Χίλων），或說出自泰勒斯，或說出自蘇格拉底。傳統上對這句話的闡釋，是勸人要有自知，明白人只是人，並非諸神。

根據第歐根尼·拉爾修的記載，有人問泰勒斯「何事最難為？」他應道：「認識你自己。」（見《哲人言行錄》卷一）尼采在《道德的系譜》（Zur Genealogie der Moral）的前言中，也針對「認識你自己 」來大做文章，他說：「我們無可避免跟自己保持陌生，我們不明白自己，我們搞不清楚自己，我們的永恆判詞是：『離每個人最遠的，就是他自己。』──對於我們自己，我們不是『知者』……」（Wir bleiben uns eben notwendig fremd, wir verstehen uns nicht, wir müssen uns verwechseln, für uns heisst der Satz in alle Ewigkeit „Jeder ist sich selbst der Fernste“—für uns sind wir keine „Erkennenden“ …）

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據知樹莓派上已有︰

‧ Pygame Zero

Welcome to Pygame Zero

Pygame Zero is for creating games without boilerplate.

It is intended for use in education, so that teachers can teach basic programming without needing to explain the Pygame API or write an event loop.

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也有

‧  GPIO Zero

GPIO Zero

A simple interface to everyday GPIO components used with Raspberry Pi.

Created by Ben Nuttall of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, Dave Jones, and other contributors.

………

 

而今又發表

Raspberry Pi Zero: the ＄5 computer

Today, I’m pleased to be able to announce the immediate availability of Raspberry Pi Zero, made in Wales and priced at just $5. Zero is a full-fledged member of the Raspberry Pi family, featuring:

• A Broadcom BCM2835 application processor
  • 1GHz ARM11 core (40% faster than Raspberry Pi 1)
• 512MB of LPDDR2 SDRAM
• A micro-SD card slot
• A mini-HDMI socket for 1080p60 video output
• Micro-USB sockets for data and power
• An unpopulated 40-pin GPIO header
  • Identical pinout to Model A+/B+/2B
• An unpopulated composite video header
• Our smallest ever form factor, at 65mm x 30mm x 5mm

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可謂努力推動學習與應用環境不遺餘力。正好借此會機說說一個『學習者』需要知道的一件重要的事情︰

認識自己，知道如何自學，發展學習方法。

如此才能自用已知來探索己所未知，明白通常登上山頂方識來時路 。所以了解『學而時習』是個重要的途徑，如果真得以不同的道路登山，或終懂得『學習之學習』的定點，就是學習自身而已。如是的『學習者』理解『學習零點』，因此可以自主自動的

【 Top Down】

Pipeline (computing)

In computing, a pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion; in that case, some amount of buffer storage is often inserted between elements.

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Dataflow

Dataflow connecting computational actors into stages (pipelines) that can execute concurrently. Data-flow can also be called Stream processing and Reactive programming.^[1] These ideas are all highly inter-related.

There have been multiple data-flow/stream processing languages of various forms (see Stream processing). Data-flow hardware (see Dataflow architecture) is an alternative to the classic Von Neumann architecture. The most obvious example of data-flow programming is the subset known as Reactive programming with spreadsheets. As a user enters new values, they are instantly transmitted to the next logical “actor” or formula for calculation.

Distributed data flows have also been proposed as a programming abstraction that captures the dynamics of distributed multi-protocols. The data-centric perspective characteristic of data flow programming promotes high-level functional style of specifications, and simplifies formal reasoning about system components.

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Reactive programming

In computing, reactive programming is a programming paradigm oriented around data flows and the propagation of change. This means that it should be possible to express static or dynamic data flows with ease in the programming languages used, and that the underlying execution model will automatically propagate changes through the data flow.

For example, in an imperative programming setting, would mean that is being assigned the result of in the instant the expression is evaluated, and later, the values of and can be changed with no effect on the value of .

However, in reactive programming, the value of would be automatically updated based on the new values, the opposite of functional programming.

A modern spreadsheet program is an example of reactive programming. Spreadsheet cells can contain literal values, or formulas such as “=B1+C1” that are evaluated based on other cells. Whenever the value of the other cells change, the value of the formula is automatically updated.

Another example is a hardware description language such as Verilog. In this case reactive programming allows changes to be modeled as they propagate through a circuit.

Reactive programming has foremost been proposed as a way to simplify the creation of interactive user interfaces, animations in real time systems, but is essentially a general programming paradigm.

For example, in a Model-view-controller architecture, reactive programming can allow changes in the underlying model to automatically be reflected in the view, and vice versa.^[1]

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【 Bottom Up】

List of PureData Objects and Extended Objects

Name	Library/Path	Function
GEM
Extended Objects
accumrotate	manipulation	accumulated rotation
alpha	manipulation	enable alpha blending
ambient ambientRGB	manipulation	ambient coloring
camera
circle	geometric	renders a circle
color colorRGB	manipulation	colouring
colorSquare	geometric	renders a square with several colors
cone	geometric	renders a cone
cube	geometric	renders a cone
cuboid	geometric	renders a cuboid box
curve	geometric	renders a bezier-curve
curve3d	geometric	renders a 3d bezier-curve
cylinder	geometric	renders a cylinder
depth		turn on / off depth test
diffuse diffuseRGB	manipulation	diffuse colouring
disk	geometric	renders a disk
emission emissionRGB	manipulation	emission colouring
fragment_program	shader	load and apply an ARB fragment shader
gemhead		connect gem objects to the window manager
gemkeyboard gemkeyname		keyboard events in the gem window
gemlist_info	information	get current transformation of a gemlist
gemmouse		mouse events in the gem window
gemwin		access to the window manager

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發現新世界。同時且能夠善用已知的資源和範例

 

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，獨立自修的了！！？？